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Öğe Gut matters in microgravity: potential link of gut microbiota and its metabolites to cardiovascular and musculoskeletal well-being(BioMed Central Ltd, 2024) İbrahim, Zeinab; Khan, Navee Ahmed; Siddiqui, Ruqaiyyah; Qaisar, Rizwan; Marzook, Hezlin; Soares, Nelson C.; Elmoselhi, Adel BThe gut microbiota and its secreted metabolites play a significant role in cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health and diseases. The dysregulation of the intestinal microbiota poses a significant threat to cardiovascular and skeletal muscle well-being. Nonetheless, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying these changes remain unclear. Furthermore, microgravity presents several challenges to cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health compromising muscle strength, endothelial dysfunction, and metabolic changes. The purpose of this review is to critically examine the role of gut microbiota metabolites on cardiovascular and skeletal muscle functions and dysfunctions. It also explores the molecular mechanisms that drive microgravity-induced deconditioning in both cardiovascular and skeletal muscle. Key findings in this review highlight that several alterations in gut microbiota and secreted metabolites in microgravity mirror characteristics seen in cardiovascular and skeletal muscle diseases. Those alterations include increased levels of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio, elevated lipopolysaccharide levels (LPS), increased in para-cresol (p-cresol) and secondary metabolites, along with reduction in bile acids and Akkermansia muciniphila bacteria. Highlighting the potential, modulating gut microbiota in microgravity conditions could play a significant role in mitigating cardiovascular and skeletal muscle diseases not only during space flight but also in prolonged bed rest scenarios here on Earth. © The Author(s) 2024.Öğe The significance of finerenone as a novel therapeutic option in diabetic kidney disease: a scoping review with emphasis on cardiorenal outcomes of the finerenone phase 3 trials(Frontiers media SA, 2024) Arıcı, Mustafa; Altun, Bülent; Araz, Mustafa; Atmaca, Ayşegül; Demir, Tevfik; Ecder, Tevfik; Güz, Galip; Gogas Yavuz, Dilek; Yıldız, Alaattin; Yılmaz, TemelThis scoping review prepared by endocrinology and nephrology experts aimed to address the significance of finerenone, as a novel therapeutic option, in diabetic kidney disease (DKD), based on the biological prospect of cardiorenal benefit due to non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) properties, and the recent evidence from the finerenone phase 3 program clinical trials. The importance of finerenone in slowing DKD progression was critically reviewed in relation to the role of MR overactivation in the pathogenesis of cardiorenal disease and unmet needs in the current practice patterns. The efficacy and safety outcomes of finerenone phase III study program including FIDELIO-DKD, FIGARO-DKD and FIDELITY were presented. Specifically, perspectives on inclusion of patients with preserved estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or high albuminuria, concomitant use of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) or glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA), baseline glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level and insulin treatment, clinically meaningful heart failure outcomes and treatment-induced hyperkalemia were addressed. Finerenone has emerged as a new therapeutic agent that slows DKD progression, reduces albuminuria and risk of cardiovascular complications, regardless of the baseline HbA1c levels and concomitant treatments (SGLT2i, GLP-1 RA, or insulin) and with a favorable benefit-risk profile. The evolving data on the benefit of SGLT2is and non-steroidal MRAs in slowing or reducing cardiorenal risk seem to provide the opportunity to use these pillars of therapy in the management of DKD, after a long-period of treatment scarcity in this field. Along with recognition of the albuminuria as a powerful marker to detect those patients at high risk of cardiorenal disease, these important developments would likely to impact standard-of-care options in the setting of DKD.Öğe A review of SaiLuoTong (MLC-SLT) development in vascular cognitive impairment and dementia(Frontiers Media, 2024) Ampil, Encarnita Raya; Ong, Paulus Anam; Krespi, Yakup; Yang, Yuan-HanThe dementia epidemic, attributed to aging populations, represents a growing socio-economic burden. It is estimated that in 2019 about 55 million people worldwide were living with dementia. With many possible causes of dementia and the possibility of mixed dementia combining Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia the question is whether diagnostic uncertainty exists or whether diagnostic constructs based on single etiologies are incorrect. Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia (VCID) designates the extent of cognitive dysfunctions from the most benign state to that of dementia, of vascular origin. We reviewed epidemiological, pathophysiological and clinical data on VCID with a focus on VaD, as well as key data on the development of a new therapeutic solution, SaiLuoTong (MLC-SLT). From documentary research executed on different web sources (PubMed, Clintrials.gov, Z-library and Google), our initial selection for the short review of VCID and VaD was based on keywords contained in each paragraph subtitles of this article with exclusion of publications in a language other than English or published before 2010. For the review of SaiLuoTong development, there was just the language exclusion criterion. Sorted by relevance and publication date, 47 references were selected from 140 shortlisted for review. With new evidence-based classification systems, vascular cognitive impairment was proposed as umbrella term covering all forms of cognitive deficits related to vascular causes. The scope of application expanded with the VCID which includes VaD and mixed pathologies. No drugs are approved for the treatment of VaD by major Western regulatory agencies, while some traditional Chinese medicines are registered in China. VCID treatment should have a dual focus: managing the underlying cerebrovascular disease and dementia symptoms. This is the objective set for the development of the MLC-SLT, the essential data of which are reviewed in detail. To strengthen VCID and VaD research, consensus groups should attempt to consolidate scattered local research initiatives into coordinated international programs. In two VaD clinical trials, MLC-SLT improved cognitive symptoms and activities of daily living, with good safety and potential disease-modifying effect. In a placebo-controlled study in 325 patients with mild to moderate VaD and randomized according to a delayed-start design, MLC-SLT demonstrated significant improvement in memory tests and performance in executive function tasks, expanding its place in the management of VCID. At week 26, changes in VADAS-cog scores (SD) from baseline were 23.25 (0.45) for MLC-SLT 180 mg bid), 23.05 (0.45) for MLC-SLT 120 mg bid (both p < 0.0001), and 20.57 (0.45) for placebo (p = 0.15). At week 52, differences between both groups MLC-SLT and placebo were 2.67 and 2.48, respectively (p < 0.0001), without significant difference between MLC-SLT groups.Öğe Current Use of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in heart failure therapy(Turkish society of cardiology, 2024) Çavuşoğlu, Yüksel; Altay, Hakan; Çelik, Ahmet; Güvenç, Tolga Sinan; Kılıçarslan, Barış; Nalbantgil, Sanem; Temizhan, Ahmet; Yıldırımtürk, Özlem; Yılmaz, Mehmet BirhanSodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) inhibit urinary glucose and sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule of the nephron and result in glucosuria, natriuresis and diuresis. In patients with T2DM who have atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) disease or CV risk factors, SGLT2is is have been shown to reduce major CV events and heart failure (HF) hospitalization. The greatest and most consistent effect of SGLT2is in these trials was found to be reduction in HF hospitalization, which raised the possibility of clinical benefit of SGLT2i in HF patients. In DAPA-HF and EMPEROR-Reduced trials in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) patients with or without T2DM, SGLT2İs, dapagliflozin and empagliflozin treatment on top of standard HF therapy has been shown to have clear clinical benefit in reducing primary endpoint of CV mortality or HF hospitalization and improving quality of life. Recently published EMPEROR-Preserved and DELIVER trials showed that SGLT2is were also very effective in the treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) (EF >40%). Furthermore, SGLT2is have also been shown to have potential in improving clinical outcomes in hospitalized acute HF patients in EMPULSE and DICTATE-AHF trials. All of this evidence has changed guidelines recommended therapies, not only for HFrEF but also for HFpEF treatment. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview focused on the role of SGLT2i in the treatment of HF based on the recent evidence.Öğe Materialization of Information (MI) in Biology; 3-D Printing Inside the Cell: A productive analogy(Churchill Livingstone, 2024) Aykan, Nuri FarukMaterialization of Information (MI) in Biology; 3-D Printing Inside the Cell: A productive analogyÖğe Significant response to [225Ac]Ac-DOTATATE therapy in a patient with small cell lung cancer(Springer, 2025) Tuncel, Murat; Türkan, C.; Eryılmaz, Y.; Pala, A.; Kılıçkap, SaadettinSignificant response to [225Ac]Ac-DOTATATE therapy in a patient with small cell lung cancerÖğe The role of tumor necrosis factor reseptor 1 and tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 in predicting diabetic nephropaty in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus(Springer, 2024) Durmuş, Derya Sağcan; Arslansoyu-Çamlar, Seçil; Arslan, Fatma; Filibeli, Berna; Erfidan, Gökçen; Çatlı, Gönül; Karakoyun, İnanç; Kasap-Demir, Belde; Dündar, BuminThe role of tumor necrosis factor reseptor 1 and tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 in predicting diabetic nephropaty in children with type 1 diabetes mellitusÖğe The relationship of sit-to-stand tests with 6-minute walk test in children with chronic respiratory diseases(European respiratory soc journals ltd, 2024) Üçgün, Hikmet; Kaya, Meltem; Çakır, Erkan; Külli, Hilal DenizoğluThe relationship of sit-to-stand tests with 6-minute walk test in children with chronic respiratory diseasesÖğe Can three-dimensional echocardiography change the game for the pulmonary valve(OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2023) Kemaloğlu Öz, Tuğba; Badano, Luigi PaoloCan three-dimensional echocardiography change the game for the pulmonary valve?
