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Listeleniyor 1 - 20 / 1922

Effects of internal iliac artery ligation on stress and urge incontinence: a retrospective evaluation
(Springer, 2024) Akay, Emrullah; Gül, Alime Dilayda Uzun; Mutlu, Enes Burak; Nalbant, Ayşe Ceren; Irmak, Kübra; Ersan, Fırat
Introduction: Does bilateral internal iliac artery ligation (BIIAL), a fundamental intervention in the treatment of postpartum hemorrhage, increase the risk of urinary incontinence (UI)? This study aims to shed light on the effects of BIIAL on bladder perfusion and urinary system integrity, thereby elucidating urinary function disorders following pelvic surgery. Methods: Demographic and medical data were collected from a total of 192 female patients, with and without the application of BIIAL. Urinary incontinence conditions were assessed using the Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis (QUID) test. The data collection process was conducted according to ethical standards, and the results were analyzed to determine the types of incontinence. Results: In the group that underwent BIIAL, the number of pregnancies and births was statistically higher compared to the control group. A significant effect of BIIAL was seen in cases of urge urinary incontinence (UUI), while no meaningful impact was detected on stress urinary incontinence (SUI). After the BIIAL procedure, an increase in the rate of urinary leakage was seen in certain cases. Conclusion: Bilateral internal iliac artery ligation has proven to be a safe and effective intervention in the management of postpartum hemorrhage. The findings suggest a potential impact of BIIAL on UUI but not on SUI. Comprehensive and long-term prospective studies are needed to further investigate the effects of BIIAL on pelvic blood flow and bladder functions.
Managing recurrent parvovirus B19-associated anemia after a pediatric kidney transplant
(Springer, 2024) Sabancı, Mehmet; Taşdemir, Mehmet; Öksüz, Burcu; Torun, Yasemin Altuner; Sütçü, Murat; Özkaya, Ozan
A 13-year-old girl who had a kidney transplant four weeks prior presented with a 10-day history of fatigue, paleness, and headache. On physical examination, tachycardia and paleness were noted. Laboratory testing was notable for severe anemia and mild leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) were negative and for parvovirus B19 (PVB19) was positive. Despite lower immunosuppression and administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) it persisted for 15 months, and frequent red blood cell transfusions were needed. PVB19 is a less common but significant complication. The patient's clinical course demonstrates the importance of this complication and the challenges in its management. A notable void exists in the literature regarding standardized treatment protocols for PVB19-induced recurrent anemia after kidney transplant. This case indicates the need for further research and consensus to guide effective clinical interventions in similar cases.
Machine learning approach for predicting the impact of food insecurity on nutrient consumption and malnutrition in children aged 6 months to 5 years
(MDPI, 2024) Qasrawi, Radwan; Sgahir, Sabri; Nemer, Maysaa; Halaikah, Mousa; Badrasawi, Manal; Amro, Malak; Polo, Stephanny Vicuna; Abu Al-Halawa, Diala; Mujahed, Doa'a; Nasreddine, Lara; Elmadfa, Ibrahim; Atari, Siham; Al-Jawaldeh, Ayoub
Background: Food insecurity significantly impacts children's health, affecting their development across cognitive, physical, and socio-emotional dimensions. This study explores the impact of food insecurity among children aged 6 months to 5 years, focusing on nutrient intake and its relationship with various forms of malnutrition. Methods: Utilizing machine learning algorithms, this study analyzed data from 819 children in the West Bank to investigate sociodemographic and health factors associated with food insecurity and its effects on nutritional status. The average age of the children was 33 months, with 52% boys and 48% girls. Results: The analysis revealed that 18.1% of children faced food insecurity, with household education, family income, locality, district, and age emerging as significant determinants. Children from food-insecure environments exhibited lower average weight, height, and mid-upper arm circumference compared to their food-secure counterparts, indicating a direct correlation between food insecurity and reduced nutritional and growth metrics. Moreover, the machine learning models observed vitamin B1 as a key indicator of all forms of malnutrition, alongside vitamin K1, vitamin A, and zinc. Specific nutrients like choline in the "underweight" category and carbohydrates in the "wasting" category were identified as unique nutritional priorities. Conclusion: This study provides insights into the differential risks for growth issues among children, offering valuable information for targeted interventions and policymaking.
Power regulation of variable speed multi rotor wind systems using fuzzy cascaded control
(Nature research, 2024) Benbouhenni, Habib; Çolak, İlhami; Bizon, Nicu; Mosaad, Mohamed I.; Tella, Teshome Goa
Power quality is a crucial determinant for integrating wind energy into the electrical grid. This integration necessitates compliance with certain standards and levels. This study presents cascadedfuzzy power control (CFPC) for a variable-speed multi-rotor wind turbine (MRWT) system. Fuzzy logic is a type of smart control system already recognized for its robustness, making it highly suited and reliable for generating electrical energy from the wind. Therefore, the CFPC technique is proposed in this work to control the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG)-based MRWT system. This proposed strategy is applied to the rotor side converter of a DFIG to improve the current/power quality. The proposed control has the advantage of being model-independent, as it relies on empirical knowledge rather than the specific characteristics of the DFIG or turbine. Moreover, the proposed control system is characterized by its simplicity, high performance, robustness, and ease of application. The implementation of CFPC management for 1.5 MW DFIG-MRWT was carried out in MATLAB environment considering a variable wind speed. The obtained results were compared with the direct power control (DPC) technique based on proportional-integral (PI) controllers (DPC-PI), highlighting that the CFPC technique reduced total harmonic distortion by high ratios in the three tests performed (25%, 30.18%, and 47.22%). The proposed CFPC technique reduced the response time of reactive power in all tests by ratios estimated at 83.76%, 65.02%, and 91.42% compared to the DPC-PI strategy. Also, the active power ripples were reduced by satisfactory proportions (37.50%, 32.20%, and 38.46%) compared to the DPC-PI strategy. The steady-state error value of reactive power in the tests was low when using the CFPC technique by 86.60%, 57.33%, and 72.26%, which indicates the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed CFPC technique in improving the characteristics of the system. Thus this control can be relied upon in the future.
Mechanical properties of high- and low-fusing zirconia veneering ceramics fired on different trays and substrates
(MDPI, 2024) Hoffmann, Moritz; Coldea, Andrea; Dönmez, Mustafa Borga; Meinen, John
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ceramic type, firing tray, and firing substrate on the density, shrinkage, biaxial flexural strength, Martens' hardness, and elastic indentation modulus of zirconia veneering ceramics. Disk-shaped specimens were fabricated from a high-fusing (HFZ) and a low-fusing (STR) zirconia veneering ceramic. These specimens were then divided into 10 groups according to firing trays (round, small honeycomb-shaped, cordierite [RSC]; round, large honeycomb-shaped, aluminum oxide [RLA]; rectangular, plane, silicon nitride [RCPS]; round, plane, silicon nitride [RPS]; and rectangular, plane, calcium silicate [RCPC]) and firing substrates (firing cotton and platinum foil) used (n = 12). The density, shrinkage, biaxial flexural strength, Martens' hardness, and indentation modulus were measured, and analyzed with generalized linear model analysis (alpha = 0.05). The interaction between the ceramic type and firing substrate affected density (p < 0.001), and the other outcomes were affected by the interaction among all main factors (p <= 0.045). Higher density was observed with HFZ or platinum foil (p <= 0.007). RSC and RLA led to a higher density than RCPS within HFZ and led to the lowest density within STR (p <= 0.046). STR had a higher shrinkage (p < 0.001). RSC mostly led to a lower shrinkage of HFZ (p <= 0.045). The effect of ceramic type and firing substrates on the biaxial flexural strength, Martens' hardness, and indentation modulus was minimal while there was no clear trend on the effect of firing tray on these properties. Ceramic type, firing tray, and firing substrate affected the mechanical properties of the tested zirconia veneering ceramics. Firing the tested zirconia veneering ceramics over a round and small honeycomb-shaped cordierite firing tray with firing cotton mostly led to improved mechanical properties.
Daratumumab maintenance in patients with myeloma
(Elsevier, 2024) Beksac, Meral
Daratumumab maintenance in patients with myeloma
Evaluation of the effect of morphological structure on dilatational tracheostomy interference location and complications with ultrasonography and fiberoptic bronchoscopy
(MDPI, 2024) Bulut, Esin; Yıldız, Ülkü Arslan; Cengiz, Melike; Yılmaz, Murat; Kavaklı, Ali Sait; Arıcı, Ayşe Gülbin; Öztürk, Nihal
Background: Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) is the most commonly performed minimally invasive intensive care unit procedure worldwide. Methods: This study evaluated the percentage of consistency between the entry site observed with fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) and the prediction for the PDT level based on pre-procedural ultrasonography (USG) in PDT procedures performed using the forceps dilatation method. The effect of morphological features on intervention sites was also investigated. Complications that occurred during and after the procedure, as well as the duration, site, and quantity of the procedures, were recorded. Results: Data obtained from a total of 91 patients were analyzed. In 57 patients (62.6%), the USG-estimated tracheal puncture level was consistent with the intercartilaginous space observed by FOB, while in 34 patients (37.4%), there was a discrepancy between these two methods. According to Bland Altman, the agreement between the tracheal spaces determined by USG and FOB was close. Regression formulas for PDT procedures defining the intercartilaginous puncture level based on morphologic measurements of the patients were created. The most common complication related to PDT was cartilage fracture (17.6%), which was proven to be predicted with maximum relevance by punctured tracheal level, neck extension limitation, and procedure duration. Conclusions: In PDT procedures using the forceps dilatation method, the prediction of the PDT intervention level based on pre-procedural USG was considerably in accordance with the entry site observed by FOB. The intercartilaginous puncture level could be estimated based on morphological measurements.
Letter to the editor: considering poststroke fatigue
(Lippincott williams & wilkins, 2024) Küçükakgün, Hilalnur; Tulek, Zeliha; Kılıçaslan, Kimya; Uncu, Jbid Dursun; Bayrak, Ceren; Soltanalizadeh, Roya; Krespi, Yakup
Letter to the editor: considering poststroke fatigue
Machine learning and experimental analyses identified miRNA expression models associated with metastatic osteosarcoma
(Elsevier, 2024) Abedi, Samira; Behmanesh, Ali; Mazhar, Farid Najd; Bagherifard, Abolfazl; Sami, Sam Hajialiloo; Heidari, Negar; Hossein-Khannazer, Nikoo; Namazifard, Saina; Arki, Mandana Kazem; Shams, Roshanak; Zarrabi, Ali; Vosough, Massoud
Osteosarcoma (OS), as the most common primary bone cancer, has a high invasiveness and metastatic potential, therefore, it has a poor prognosis. This study identified early diagnostic biomarkers using miRNA expression profiles associated with osteosarcoma metastasis. In the first step, we used RNA-seq and online microarray data from osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines to identify differentially expressed miRNAs. Then, using seven feature selection algorithms for ranking, the first-ranked miRNAs were selected as input for five machine learning systems. Using network analysis and machine learning algorithms, we developed new diagnostic models that successfully differentiated metastatic osteosarcoma from non-metastatic samples based on newly discovered miRNA signatures. The results showed that miR-34c-3p and miR-154-3p act as the most promising models in the diagnosis of metastatic osteosarcoma. Validation for this model by RT-qPCR in benign tissue and osteosarcoma biopsies confirmed the lower expression of miR-34c-3p and miR-154-3p in OS samples. In addition, a direct correlation between miR-34c-3p expression, miR-154-3p expression and tumor grade was discovered. The combined values of miR-34c-3p and miR-154-3p showed 90 % diagnostic power (AUC = 0.90) for osteosarcoma samples and 85 % (AUC = 0.85) for metastatic osteosarcoma. Adhesion junction and focal adhesion pathways, as well as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) GO terms, were identified as the most significant KEGG and GO terms for the top miRNAs. The findings of this study highlight the potential use of novel miRNA expression signatures for early detection of metastatic osteosarcoma. These findings may help in determining therapeutic approaches with a quantitative and faster method of metastasis detection and also be used in the development of targeted molecular therapy for this aggressive cancer. Further research is needed to confirm the clinical utility of miR-34c-3p and miR-154-3p as diagnostic biomarkers for metastatic osteosarcoma.
High gain multi-band circularly polarized wearable leaky wave zipper MIMO antenna
(Cell press, 2024) Saeidi, Tale; Saleh, Sahar; Mahmood, Sarmad Nozad; Timmons, Nick; Al-Gburi, Ahmed Jamal Abdullah; Karamzadeh, Saeid; Razzaz, Faroq
A miniaturized, multi-band, four-port wearable Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna is proposed, which contains a leaky wave textile antenna (LWTA) on denim (epsilon(r) = 1.6, tan delta = 0.006) as substrate and Shieldit Super Fabric as conductor textile. The concept in this work involves incorporating the metal and plastic zipper into the garment to function as an antenna worn on the body. Simulations and measurements have been conducted to explore this idea. The LWTA has dimensions of 40 x 30 x 1 mm(3). Every two ports are separated by a zipper with two different kinds of materials: Acetal Polymer Plastic (APP) and 90 % brass to improve the isolation, gain, and Impedance bandwidth. The antenna operates in the frequency ranges covering the L, C, S, and X bands. Additionally, diversity performance is evaluated using the Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) and diversity gain (DG). Simulation and measurement findings agree well, with a maximum gain of 12.15 dBi, low Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) based on the standards, DG greater than 9.65 dB, circular polarization (CP), and strong isolation (<-23 dB) between each port. Since the antenna's characteristics do not change significantly under bending and when the zipper is opened, the proposed antenna is a viable candidate for body-centric wireless communications on the battlefield. For example, it can facilitate communication covering wireless local area network (WLAN) and fifth-generation (5G) communications.
Precise measurement of born cross sections for e+e- →d D ¯ at s =3.80-4.95 GeV
(American physical society, 2024) Ablikim, M.; Achasov, M.N.; Adlarson, P.; Çetin, Serkant Ali; Kolcu, Onur Buğra
Using data samples collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider at center-of-mass energies ranging from 3.80 to 4.95 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20 fb(-1), a measurement of Born cross sections for the e(+)e(-) -> D-0(D) over bar (0) and D+D- processes is presented with unprecedented precision. Many clear peaks in the line shape of e(+)e(-) -> D-0(D) over bar (0) and D+D- around the mass range of G(3900), psi(4040), psi(4160), Y(4260), and psi(4415), etc., are foreseen. These results offer crucial experimental insights into the nature of hadron production in the open-charm region.
Kidney transplantation in children and adolescents with C3 glomerulopathy or immune complex membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis: a real-world study within the CERTAIN research network
(Springer, 2024) Patry, Christian; Webb, Nicholas J. A.; Feisst, Manuel; Krupka, Kai; Becker, Jan; Bald, Martin; Antoniello, Benedetta; Bilge, Ilmay; Gülhan, Bora; Hogan, Julien; Kanzelmeyer, Nele; Özkaya, Ozan; Buescher, Anja; Sellier-Leclerc, Anne-Laure; Shenoy, Mohan; Weber, Lutz T.; Fichtner, Alexander; Hoecker, Britta; Meier, Matthias
BackgroundComplement 3 glomerulopathy (C3G) and immune complex membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (IC-MPGN) are ultra-rare chronic kidney diseases with an overall poor prognosis, with approximately 40-50% of patients progressing to kidney failure within 10 years of diagnosis. C3G is characterized by a high rate of disease recurrence in the transplanted kidney. However, there is a lack of published data on clinical outcomes in the pediatric population following transplantation.MethodsIn this multicenter longitudinal cohort study of the Cooperative European Paediatric Renal Transplant Initiative (CERTAIN) registry, we compared the post-transplant outcomes of pediatric patients with C3G (n = 17) or IC-MPGN (n = 3) with a matched case-control group (n = 20).ResultsEleven of 20 children (55%) with C3G or IC-MPGN experienced a recurrence within 5 years post-transplant. Patients with C3G or IC-MPGN had a 5-year graft survival of 61.4%, which was significantly (P = 0.029) lower than the 5-year graft survival of 90% in controls; five patients with C3G or IC-MPGN lost their graft due to recurrence during this observation period. Both the 1-year (20%) and the 5-year (42%) rates of biopsy-proven acute rejection episodes were comparable between patients and controls. Complement-targeted therapy with eculizumab, either as prophylaxis or treatment, did not appear to be effective.ConclusionsThese data in pediatric patients with C3G or IC-MPGN show a high risk of post-transplant disease recurrence (55%) and a significantly lower 5-year graft survival compared to matched controls with other primary kidney diseases. These data underscore the need for post-transplant patients for effective and specific therapies that target the underlying disease mechanism.Graphical abstractA higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information
Metal-support interaction in pt nanodisk-carbon nitride catalyst: insight from theory and experiment
(MDPI, 2024) Doustkhah, Esmail; Kotb, Ahmed; Balkan, Timuçin; Assadi, Mohammad Hussein Naseef
Metal-support interaction plays a critical role in determining the eventual catalytic activity of metals loaded on supporting substrates. This interaction can sometimes cause a significant drop in the metallic property of the loaded metal and, hence, a drop in catalytic activity in the reactions, especially in those for which low charge carrier transfer resistance is a necessary parameter. Therefore, there should be a case-by-case experimental or theoretical (or both) in-depth investigation to understand the role of support on each metal. Here, onto a layered porous carbon nitride (g-CN), we grew single crystalline Pt nanodisks (Pt@g-CN) with a lateral average size of 21 nm, followed by various characterisations such as electron microscopy techniques, and the measurement of electrocatalytic activity in the O-2 reduction reaction (ORR). We found that intercalating Pt nanodisks in the g-CN interlayers causes an increase in electrocatalytic activity. We investigated the bonding mechanism between carbon support and platinum using density functional theory and applied the d-band theory to understand the catalytic performance. Analysis of Pt's density of states and electronic population across layers sheds light on the catalytic behaviour of Pt nanoparticles, particularly in relation to their thickness and proximity to the g-CN support interface. Our simulation reveals an optimum thickness of similar to 11 angstrom, under which the catalytic performance deteriorates.
Comparison of oncological and functional results of robotic and open perineal radical prostatectomy
(Wiley, 2024) Çolakoğlu, Yunus; Ekşi, Mithat; Özlü, Deniz Noyan; Şimşek, Abdüllmüttalip; Tuğcu, Volkan; Taşcı, Ali İhsan
Objective: We aimed to compare the functional and oncological outcomes of patients who underwent open perineal radical prostatectomy (OPP) and robotic perineal radical prostatectomy (RPP) for prostate cancer (PCa). Methods: The data of patients who underwent OPP and RPP from June 2016 to February 2019 due to localized PCa were analyzed. Demographic characteristics, perioperative data and oncological results of the patients were recorded. In addition, the incontinence status of the patients immediately after catheter removal and at the 3rd, 6th, and 12th months were compared. Potency status was evaluated among the patients with preoperative potency, and 12th month potency status was compared. Results: A total of 135 patients were included, of whom 58 (43%) were in the OPP group and 77 (57%) were in the RPP group. The operation time was statistically significantly shorter in the OPP group (83.90 +/- 15.48 vs. 110.88 +/- 28.10 min, p = 0.001). The amount of bleeding was significantly lower in the RPP group (59.51 +/- 22.04 vs. 74.06 +/- 17.66, p = 0.002). The continence rates evaluated at the early period, 3rd, 6th, and 12th months were 40.3%, 80.5%, 87.0%, and 90.9%, respectively, for the RPP group and 36.2%, 70.7%, 86.2%, and 89.7%, for the OPP group, indicating no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the 12th month rates of postoperative potency according to the surgical technique (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Although differences were observed between the OPP and RPP techniques in terms of perioperative parameters, oncological and functional results were similar.
Reliability, validity and normative data of the timed water swallow test accompanied by sEMG
(Springer, 2024) Selen Akil, Dilan; Bengisu, Serkan; Sezer, Eyüp; Krespi, Yakup; Topbaş, Saime Seyhun
Purpose Swallowing disorders are highly interrelated with increased morbidity and mortality rates; therefore, early detection is crucial. Most screening tools rely on subjective observation, thus making objective assessment tools more vital. Timed Water Swallowing Test (TWST) is a screening tool used in the field providing quantitative data. This study aimed to investigate the swallowing parameters in a wide age range by using TWST and to expand the already existing normative data pool accordingly. It is also aimed to examine the reliability of the TWST and assess its validity in stroke survivors. Materials and methods This study had a cross-sectional design. TWST carried out simultaneously along with surface EMG and laryngeal sensor on 196 healthy subjects aged 10 to 80 for normative data. Also, TWST carried out 30 patients having a history of recent stroke. Test-retest and inter-rater scoring analysis were used for reliability purposes, while Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS) test was used for validity purposes. Additionally, the correlations between the participants' TWST scores and GUSS scores were examined using the Spearman correlation coefficient. Results The normative TWST data of healthy participants are tabulated and presented and their average swallowing capacity was found 13.73 ml/s. Furthermore, the mean swallowing capacity of stroke survivors was found 4.61 ml/s. As a result of validity analyses, a statistically strong and significant relationship was found between GUSS and TWST parameters (r = 0.775, p < 0.001). Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and correlation values were found between moderate to good agreement between test-retest measurement (ICC = 0.563 to 0.891, p < 0.05). Also, the agreement between the raters was found to be significant (ICC = 0.949 to 0.995, p < 0.05). Conclusion TWST is a valid and reliable screening tool to evaluate dysphagia on given population. Although the test's performance on healthy individuals is adequate, more research is still needed to confirm that it can be used as a screening tool for stroke.
Relation of functional independence to balance, exercise capacity, and peripheral muscle strength in individuals with chronic stroke: a cross-sectional study
(Churchill livingstone, 2024) Tütüneken, Yunus Emre; Yeldan, İpek
Purpose: This cross-sectional study determined the relationship between functional independence and balance, functional exercise capacity, and knee extensor strength in individuals with chronic stroke. Material and methods: The study included fifty-four individuals with chronic stroke. A single physiotherapist evaluated clinical features. Assessments included the Functional Independence Measure (FIM), the Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA), the Timed-Up and Go Test (TUG), the 6-min Walk Test (6MWT), and Knee Extensor Strength (KES). Results: Patients' mean age and body mass index were 60.5 ± 7.13 years and 27.08 ± 4.65 kg/m2. FIM was significantly associated with the POMA (r = 0.644, p = 0.000), TUG (r = -0.723, p = 0.000), and 6MWT (r = 0.569, p = 0.000). FIM was not significantly associated with KES of the paretic side (r = 0.264, p = 0.054), and KES of the non-paretic side (r = 0.207, p = 0.133). However, mFIM was significantly associated with KES of the paretic side (r = 0.432, p = 0.001), and KES of the non-paretic side (r = 0.348, p = 0.010). Outcomes: It was established that there was no relationship between KES and FIM, but that a relationship existed between KES and mFIM. Functional independence is associated with balance ability and functional exercise capacity.
Prostate tissue ablation and drug delivery by an image-guided injectable ionic liquid in ex vivo and in vivo models
(American association advancement science, 2024) Demirlenk, Yusuf M.; Albadawi, Hassan; Zhang, Zefu; Atar, Dila; Çevik, Enes; Keum, Hyeongseop; Kim, Jinjoo; Rehman, Suliman; Gündüz, Şeyda; Graf, Erin; Mayer, Joseph L.; Dos Santos, Pedro R.; Oklu, Rahmi
Benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer are often associated with lower urinary tract symptoms, which can severely affect patient quality of life. To address this challenge, we developed and optimized an injectable compound, prostate ablation and drug delivery agent (PADA), for percutaneous prostate tissue ablation and concurrently delivered therapeutic agents. PADA is an ionic liquid composed of choline and geranic acid mixed with anticancer therapeutics and a contrast agent. The PADA formulation was optimized for mechanical properties compatible with hand injection, diffusion capability, cytotoxicity against prostate cells, and visibility of an x-ray contrast agent. PADA also exhibited antibacterial properties against highly resistant clinically isolated bacteria in vitro. Ultrasound-guided injection, dispersion of PADA in the tissue, and tissue ablation were tested ex vivo in healthy porcine, canine, and human prostates and in freshly resected human tumors. In vivo testing was conducted in a murine subcutaneous tumor model and in the canine prostate. In all models, PADA decreased the number of viable cells in the region of dispersion and supported the delivery of nivolumab throughout a portion of the tissue. In canine survival experiments, there were no adverse events and no impact on urination. The injection approach was easy to perform under ultrasound guidance and produced a localized effect with a favorable safety profile. These findings suggest that PADA is a promising therapeutic prostate ablation strategy to treat lower urinary tract symptoms.
Prevalence of EGFR mutations in patients with resected stages I to III NSCLC: results from the EARLY-EGFR study
(Elsevier, 2024) Soo, Ross A.; Reungwetwattana, Thanyanan; Perroud, Herman Andres; Batra, Ullas; Kılıçkap, Saadettin; Tejado Gallegos, Luis Fernand; Donner, Natalia; Alsayed, Mohamed; Huggenberger, Reto; Van Tu, Dao
Introduction: There is limited literature on the prevalence of EGFR mutations in early stage NSCLC. EARLY-EGFR (NCT04742192), a cross-sectional study, determined the prevalence of EGFR mutations in early stage NSCLC. Methods: This noninterventional, real-world study enrolled consecutive patients with resected stages IA to IIIB (American Joint Committee on Cancer eighth edition) NSCLC from 14 countries across Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East and Africa. The primary end point was prevalence of EGFR mutations and secondary end points included prevalence of EGFR mutation subtypes and treatment patterns. Results: Of 601 patients (median [range] age: 62.0 [30.0–86.0] y) enrolled, 52.7% were females and 64.2% were nonsmokers. Most had stages IA to IB NSCLC (64.1%) and adenocarcinoma (98.7%). Overall prevalence of EGFR mutations was 51.0%; most reported exon 19 deletions (48.5%) followed by exon 21 L858R mutations (34.0%). Women had a higher EGFR mutation rate than men (64.0% versus 36.4%). Compared with no EGFR mutations, patients with EGFR mutations were more likely to be nonsmokers (35.1% versus 60.9%) and have stage I NSCLC than stages II and III NSCLC (54.8% versus 47.3% and 35.6%). Systemic adjuvant therapy was planned in 33.8% of the patients with stages IB to IIIB disease and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy in 6.8%. Age above or equal to 60 years, females, and Asians were found to have a significantly (p < 0.05) higher odds of EGFR mutations, whereas smoking history and stage III disease had lower odds of EGFR mutations. Conclusions: The EARLY-EGFR study provides an overview of EGFR mutations and subtype prevalence in patients with early stage NSCLC. The study highlights the limited adherence to treatment guidelines suggesting an unmet need for improved adjuvant therapy.
Preemptive and non-preemptive multi-skill multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problems considering sustainability and energy consumption: a comprehensive mathematical model
(Academic press, 2024) Shahabi-Shahmiri, Reza; Tavakkoli-Moghaddam, Reza; Dolgui, Alexandre; Mirnezami, Seyed-Ali; Ghasemi, Mohammad; Ahmadi, Mahsa
Modern project managers cope with significant challenges to schedule and control projects considering dynamic environments, frequent uncertainties, strict project deadlines, and stricter sustainable requirements above all. Sustainability taking into account resource utilization has been recently associated with project management. Hence, this paper presents a new mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model with two objectives for a resource-constrained project scheduling problem (RCPSP) with multiple skills and multiple modes, assuming preemptive and non-preemptive activities in an uncertain environment. Given the importance of sustainable developments in projects, the considered objectives are to maximize job opportunities and minimize project duration, resource costs, and total energy consumption. To deal with the model, an AUGNMECON2VIKOR algorithm is utilized to create Pareto solutions. In this model, project activities can be crashed by allocating extra resources. Furthermore, multi-skill resources are used to perform project activities. This study also investigates the impact of these resources on project scheduling. To deal with uncertain circumstances, a fuzzy chance-constrained programming method is employed to develop a robust possibilistic programming model. With respect to the increasing significance of sustainability in project management, this study pioneers the examination of the impact of sustainable factors on project scheduling. Finally, the proposed formulation is validated using instances from the well-known PSPLIB and MMLIB test sets. Finally, a comparison is drawn between the presented solution method considering AUGMECON2VIKOR and AUGMECON2.
SCINN: semantic concept-based inference neural networks with explainable and deep fuzzy structure
(IEEE-inst electrical electronics engineers, 2024) Liu, Shuangrong; Oh, Sung-Kwun; Pedrycz, Witold; Yang, Bo; Wang, Lin; Peng, Zhen
In this study, a novel semantic concept-based inference neural network (SCINN) is proposed to develop a design methodology for the explainable deep neuro-fuzzy models and improve their generalization performance in high-dimensional problems. Traditional neuro-fuzzy models exhibit outstanding interpretability in the problems of lower dimensionality. However, when faced with high-dimensional scenarios, the long rule and rule explosion problems damage their interpretability and result in poor generalization performance, even making them unusable. Although deep neuro-fuzzy models show enhanced performance in handling high-dimensional problems compared to traditional counterparts, they often come at the expense of interpretability. To establish a neuro-fuzzy model that can address high-dimensional problems while preserving the interpretability, the SCINN is proposed with the aid of the concept-based measure generation paradigm (CMGP) and the multi-view information augmentation strategy (MIAS). The CMGP is designed to adaptively define the membership functions (MFs) that correspond to the human-understandable concepts based on the given data; the defined MFs contribute to the construction of the explainable fuzzy rule that can directly process high-dimensional data. The MIAS is structured to develop a unified paradigm for implementing consequence functions in the fuzzy rules, which enhances the approximation ability of the SCINN. The performance of SCINN is evaluated on various image datasets against different competitors, including neuro-fuzzy-based approaches and deep structure-based neural networks. A real-world application is adopted to evaluate its effectiveness. The experimental results show that SCINN outperforms the compared neuro-fuzzy models and is comparable to the deep structure-based neural networks.

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