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Öğe A closer look to dose assessment and radiation shielding characteristics of concrete doped magnetite irradiated with 252Cf mixed radiation radionuclide: A Watt Fission approach and Doppler effect(Elsevier Ltd., 2025) Malidarreh, Roya Boudaghi; Almousa, N.; Akkurt, İskender; Issa, Shams A.M.; Zakaly, Hesham M.H.Nuclear radiation emitted by fusion reactors, nuclear power plants, and medical establishments presents potential risks to living organisms personnel, necessitating the implementation of protective measures. To enhance radiation protection for patients workers, various materials can be utilized. Concrete, augmented with various additives, has historically acted as a shielding material. Hence, recent research has predominantly focused on enhancing concrete's ability to attenuate the harmful energy emitted by nuclear sources through modifications to its composition. Accordingly, in the present work, the dose evaluation and radiation shielding characteristics of a range of concrete magnetite (CM) formulations designated as CM-0 (control sample), CM-25, CM-50, CM-75, and CM-100 have been analyzed using MCNPX Monte Carlo (MC) approach and theoretical computations concerning 252Cf mixed radiation radionuclide. In this work, the Watt Fission distribution was employed to derive the neutron spectrum of CM samples, and findings have been thoroughly elucidated in the presence and absence of the specified samples. Then, utilizing the Doppler Effect, the gamma photon spectrum within shielding materials exposed to a spontaneous fission 252Cf source is extracted and characterized. Estimation of Half Value Thickness (HVT) and Mean Free Path (MFP) are provided across a broad spectrum of energy levels. The analysis confirms the successful development of a new type of concrete magnetite (CM) sample that exhibits lower radiation exposure compared to the control sample. This study offers valuable insights into the use of concrete in shielding against mixed radiation radionuclides and opens the door for future research involving similar materials. Specifically, the CM-100 sample demonstrated the lowest half-value thickness (HVT) and provided the most effective reduction of both neutron and gamma radiation. The findings suggest that increasing the concentration of magnetite in concrete greatly enhances its ability to shield against mixed neutron-gamma radiation. This innovation has promising potential for applications in radiation protection, particularly within nuclear reactors and medical facilities. The CM-100 sample showed a notable improvement, achieving an HVT of 0.012 cm and a dose rate reduction of 2.95 × 10−9 Sv.h−1, in contrast to the control sample (CM-0), which had an HVT of 10.358 cm and an equivalent dose rate of 2.84 × 10−9 Sv.h−1. These results underscore the superior shielding properties of the magnetite-doped concrete formulations. © 2024 Elsevier LtdÖğe A critical evaluation on nuclear safety properties of novel cadmium oxide-rich glass containers for transportation and waste management: Benchmarking with a reinforced concrete container(Frontiers Media SA, 2022) ALMisned, Ghada; Baykal, Duygu Şen; Kılıç, Gökhan; İlik, Erkan; Zakaly, Hesham M.H.; Ene, Antoaneta; Tekin, Hüseyin OzanWe examine the nuclear safety properties of a newly designed cadmium oxide-rich glass container for nuclear material to a bitumen-reinforced concrete container. Individual transmission factors, detector modelling, and energy deposition (MeV/g) in the air are calculated using MCNPX (version 2.7.0) general purpose Monte Carlo code. Two container configurations are designed with the material properties of cadmium dioxide-rich glass and Concrete + Bitument in consideration. First, individual transmission factors for 60Co and 137Cs radioisotopes are calculated. To evaluate potential environmental consequences, energy deposition amounts in the air for 60Co and 137Cs are also determined. The minimum gamma-ray transmission rates for two container types are reported for a cadmium dioxide-rich glass container. In addition, the quantity of energy deposition is varied depending on the container type, with a lower value for cadmium dioxide-rich glass container. The 40% cadmium dioxide-doped glass container provides more effective safety than the Cement + Bitumen container, according to the overall findings. In conclusion, the utilization of cadmium dioxide-doped glass material along with its high transparency and advanced material properties may be a significant and effective option in areas where concrete is required to assure the safety of nuclear materials. Copyright © 2022 ALMisned, Baykal, Kilic, Ilik, Zakaly, Ene and Tekin.Öğe A precise prediction for the hydrogen storage ability of perovskite XPH3 (X=Li, Na, K) hydrides: First-principles study(Elsevier Ltd., 2024) Murtaza, Hudabia; Ain, Quratul; Issa, Shams A.M.; Zakaly, Hesham M.H.; Munir, JunaidHydrogen storage remains a significant barrier to creating a sustainable hydrogen economy, as many current materials fail to meet the high safety, efficiency, and capacity requirements. Current hydrogen storage technologies frequently exhibit low gravimetric densities and slow absorption/desorption rates, which limit their practical applicability in energy systems. This manuscript reports the first principles analysis on the physical features of alkali-based perovskite hydrides LiPH3, NaPH3, and KPH3, along with their hydrogen storage potential. Volume optimization curves, negative formation enthalpies and tolerance factor manifested the complete structural and geometric stability of these studied hydrides. Brittle, higher resistance to indentation, endurance towards high temperatures and anisotropic behavior are revealed through mechanical attributes for LiPH3, NaPH3, and KPH3. Higher longitudinal velocities are observed in crystallographic planes. The directional velocities for XPH3 (X = Li, Na, K) reflect an anisotropic nature in each crystallographic plane. The electronic band structure, TDOS and PDOS elaborates the metallic behavior of these studied hydrides. These hydrides' optical characteristics showed that they have good optical conductivity in the UV spectrum, along with minimal polarization and dispersion in the UV region. The hydrogen storage capacities for LiPH3 (6.83 wt%), NaPH3 (5.00 wt%), and KPH3 (3.95 wt%) signifies that all perovskite hydrides have shown promising results for hydrogen storage but LiPH3 is the strongest contender for hydrogen storage with highest gravimetric ratio (6.83 wt%) and volumetric storage (93.39 gH2/L) as it fulfills the energy storage demand mentioned by US-DOE of metal hydrides for year 2025. © 2024 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLCÖğe Analysis of the Radiological, Mineralogical and Long-Term Sustainability of Several Commercial Aswan Granites Used as Building Materials(MDPI, 2022) Zakaly, Hesham M.H.; Awad, Hamdy A.; Moghazy, Nasser M.; Tekin, Hüseyin Ozan; Rabie, Abdalla; Fawzy, Mona M.; El-Tohamy, Amira M.; Ene, Antoaneta; Issa, Shams A.M.The widespread usage of granite in the building sector motivated us to conduct this research and examine the material’s sustainability in terms of the investigated characteristics. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the statistical analysis results for the mineralogical impact on radiological hazards indices, such as the equivalent of radium, absorbed gamma dose rate, annual effective dose, internal and external hazard indices, as well as the gamma-ray index, that were cal-culated to estimate the environmental risks associated with these granites used as building materi-als, to protect the public from excessive radioactivity exposure. We focused primarily on statistical significance at a 95% confidence level. We employed a non-parametric test (Kruskal–Wallis Test) rather than a one-way ANOVA, to determine the statistical significance of the samples due to the lack of homogeneity or normality among them. To assess the difference between the samples, we used the Mann–Whitney Test on each pair of samples. Additionally, Pearson correlation coefficients for all the mineralogical results are computed. The presence of K-rich minerals (Kefeldspars, biotite) and accessories such as uranophane, uranothorite, allanite, xenotime, fergusonite, aeschynite, zir-con, cassiterite, apatite, and sphene, which are mostly found in granitic rocks, determines the level of natural radioactivity of the investigated granites. Most of the rock samples analyzed have indicators of radioactive dangers that are within the acceptable level range, indicating that they are suitable for use as building materials. On the other hand, some samples have environmental criteria that are higher than international standards, indicating that they are unsuitable for use as construction materials. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Öğe Binary contributions of Dy3+ ions on the mechanical and radiation resistance properties of oxyfluoroborotellurite Dyx-glasses(Elsevier Editora Ltda, 2022) Rammah, Y.S.; Issa, Shams A.M.; Tekin, Hüseyin Ozan; Badawi, Ali; Ene, Antoaneta; Zakaly, Hesham M.H.5CaF2–5BaF2 – 60B2O3–10TeO2 – (20-x)Na2O – xDy2O3: (0.5 ? x ? 2.5 mol percent) glasses were studied for their physical, mechanical, and gamma radiation resistance. The density of Dy0.5 and Dy2.5 glass samples containing 0.5 and 2.5 mol of Dy2O3 was changed from 2.98 to 3.09 g/cm3, respectively. The estimated values of longitudinal (LB-C) were altered from 171.085 to 165.390 GPa, bulk (KB–C) from 105.100 to 102.680 GPa, Young's (EB-C) from 128.602 to 122.674 GPa, and shear (SB–C) from 49.612 to 47.150 GPa for mechanical characteristics (GPa). The Poisson's ratio (?B-C) was varied between 0.296 and 0.300. The MCNPX code and Py-MLBUF online calculation platform were used to calculate mass attenuation coefficients for all Dyx-glasses. In terms of quantitative values, the acquired results are in good agreement. For all photon energies, the Dy2.5 glass sample exhibits the highest linear (?) and mass (?m) attenuation coefficients. All analyzed Dyx-glasses exhibit a similar trend in half-value layer (T1/2) and mean free path (MFP), (T1/2, ?)Dy0.5 > (T1/2, ?)Dy1.0 > (T1/2, ?)Dy1.5 > (T1/2, ?)Dy2.0 > (T1/2, ?)Dy2.5. Over the whole gamma-ray energy range, the Dy2.5 sample has the highest effective atomic number (Zeff) values. Across the whole photon energy and penetration depth range, the Dy2.5 has the lowest EBF and EABF values. Because of the maximum contribution of Dysprosium (III)-oxide, the Dy2.5 sample can be deemed superior in terms of gamma-ray shielding qualities. © 2022 The Author(s)Öğe Calculation of space radiation risks for astronauts and high-level natural radiation exposure area residents: two different exposure categories(Akademiai Kiado ZRt., 2024) Abbasi, Akbar; Almousa, Nouf; Zakaly, Hesham M.H.; Mirekhtiary, FatemehIn the present paper, the health risks to astronauts due to space radiation exposure and the excess cancer risk (ECR) caused by high-level natural radiation exposure area residents were estimated manes on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Space Cancer Risk (NSCR)-2012 model and RESRAD code, respectively. The total risk of exposure-induced cancer (REIC) and total risk of exposure-induced death (REID) were calculated for different ages and genders. In contrast, the mortality and morbidity due to High Natural Background Radiation Exposure areas (HNBRAs) were simulated for different genders and ages. The results showed that the morbidity of the HNBRAs area for males and females was less than the REIC value of the 6-month mission at the International Space Station (ISS). Also, the results indicated that the mortality of the HNBRAs area was equal to the REIC 6-month mission for males. The mortality rate in the HNBRA area was higher than the average rate for females in the REIC 6-month mission. © Akadémiai Kiadó Zrt 2024.Öğe A closer look at the efficiency calibration of LaBr3(Ce) and NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors using MCNPX for various types of nuclear investigations(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Almisned, Ghada; Zakaly, Hesham M.H.; Ali, Fatema T.; Issa, Shams A.M.; Ene, Antoaneta; Kılıç, Gökhan; Ivanov, V.; Tekin, Hüseyin OzanThe nuclear spectroscopy method has long been used for advanced studies on nuclear physics. In order to decrease costs and increase the efficiency of nuclear radiation investigations, quick and efficient solutions are required. The purpose of this research was to calculate the whole energy peak efficiency values for a range of gamma-ray energies, from 30.973 keV to 1408 keV, at various source-detector distances using the MCNPX Monte Carlo code, which is extensively used in nuclear medicine, industry, and scientific research. As a result, the modeled detectors' full-energy peak efficiencies were calculated and compared to both experimental data and Monte Carlo simulations. Experiment results and prior studies using Monte Carlo simulations were found to be very consistent with these results. The counting efficiency against source-detector distance is then calculated using the modeled detectors. The data we have show that LaBr3(Ce) has outstanding detection properties. This study's findings might be used to improve the design of detectors for use in wide range of high-tech gamma spectroscopy and nuclear research applications.Öğe Comprehensive evaluation on gamma radiation resistance of chromium (III) ions incorporated bismuth fluoro-lead-borate glasses(Elsevier, 2022) Issa, Shams A.M; Almisned, Ghada; Tekin, Hüseyin Ozan; Zakaly, Hesham M.H.; Ene, Antoaneta; Ibraheemh, Awad A.; Rammah Y.S.Gamma-ray shielding properties of high dense glassy system (bismuth fluoro-lead-borate doped with chromium (III) ions) with composition of (25-x)PbF2–25Bi2O3–49.8B2O3–0.2Cr2O3- xCaF2- (where x = 0 (S1), 5 (S2), 10 (S3), 15 (S4), 20 (S5), and 25 (S6) mol%) have been investigated. Phy-X/PSD software was used to achieve this purpose in photon energy range (0.15–15 MeV). Additionally, the superior glass shield sample was compared to several types of glass and concrete shields. Results revealed that each photon energy value investigated the maximum linear attenuation coefficient (µm) values for the S1 glass sample with the heaviest element contribution in its structure were detected at the maximum level. In terms of the µm, there was a difference of roughly 0.5 cm2/g in the S1 and S6 glasses. The S1 sample with the highest µm also had the lowest T0.5 and mean free path (?). The heavy element contribution to the S1 sample was reflected in the effective atomic number values, which provided the S1 sample with the highest Zeff values. Values of exposure and energy absorption buildup factors (EBF and EABF) were confirmed that the sample S1 has the minimum values. Our findings showed that S1 sample may be considered as superior gamma-ray shielding properties among all studied glasses. © 2022 Elsevier GmbHÖğe Designing of BiFe2O3@NiCoS@rGO nanocomposite electrode: A versatile platform for high-performance energy storage and electrolyte SIW/AN(Elsevier Ltd., 2025) Mümtaz, Muhammad Azhar; Afzal, Amir Muhammad; Waris, Muhammad Hamza; Ali, Muhammad; Iqbal, Muhammad Waqas; Alqarni, Areej S.; Issa, Shams A.M.; Zakaly, Hesham M.H.A comprehensive investigation of new materials and compositional modifications has made high-performance hybrid supercapacitor electrodes. This work mainly focuses on the synthesis of nickel cobalt sulfide (NiCoS) by hydrothermal methods and then adding bismuth ferrite (BiFe2O3) and the measurement of the electrochemical properties. The “salt in water” (SIW) solutions, which are super-concentrated aqueous electrolytes, enable a significant reduction in water activity and increase the electrochemical stability window, is utilized. The electrochemical analysis is performed using the two and three-electrode systems. The BiFe2O3@NiCoS@rGO electrode attained a noteworthy maximum capacity (Qs) of 393.7 mAhg−1 in a three-electrode assembly. The BiFe2O3@NiCoS@rGO//A.C showed a considerable Qs of 52.3 mAh/g, an improved energy density (Ed) of 79.2 W h kg−1, and a high power density (Pd) of 2.2 kW kg−1 in two electrode systems. The device has undergone extensive testing, with up to 5000 cycles, and has demonstrated an exceptional capacity retention rate of 88.2 %. Based on these intriguing findings, the BiFe2O3@NiCoS@rGO nano-composite displays immense promise for developing electrodes in advanced hybrid supercapacitors. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.Öğe Detailed investigation of mechanical and gamma-ray shielding capabilities of zinc, bismuth, and niobium-doped Tellurite glasses(Elsevier Ltd., 2025) Almousa, N.; Issa, Shams A.M.; El-Shamy, N.T.; Ali, Ahmed H.; Zakaly, Hesham M.H.This study presents a comprehensive examination of the glass systems consisting of TeO2, ZnO, Bi2O3, and Nb2O5. The objective is to assess their suitability as radiation shielding materials and analyze their mechanical characteristics. Analysis of TZBN1's mass attenuation coefficients (MAC) was conducted using FLUKA modeling and XCOM. The findings indicated that TZBN1 had the highest Mean Absolute Change (MAC) at low energy levels (0.02 MeV), measured 38.547 cm2/g. These findings suggest that TZBN1 has a more favorable photoelectric effect interaction. Over energies beyond 20 MeV, TZBN4 has exceptional performance in comparison to other samples, with a mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) of 0.043996 cm2/g. These findings suggest an improved capacity to provide protection against high-energy photons. The density of the glass substrates is an essential factor, and TZBN4 exhibits a peak density of 6.15 g/cm³. Consequently, it exhibits a reduced gamma-ray transmission factor (TF), thereby underscoring its efficacy in mitigating gamma radiation. Based on the Makishima and Mackenzie model, TZBN1 exhibits the greatest Young's Modulus, measured at around 814.67 kJ/mol per PD. These findings suggest that TZBN1 exhibits the highest level of mechanical strength and stiffness among the glasses examined. In contrast, TZBN4 exhibits the lowest Young's Modulus of 453.47 kJ/mol per PD, making it potentially appropriate for certain applications that need flexibility. The results underscore the importance of glass chemical composition in tailoring materials for radiation protection and mechanical robustness. The glasses composed of TeO2, ZnO, Bi2O3, and Nb2O5, namely TZBN4, are regarded as very promising for applications that need efficient shielding against high-energy photons, while also providing material flexibility and strength. This paper presents a substantial framework for selecting and creating glass materials for the goal of providing safe shielding in the domains of medicine, industry, and nuclear facilities. © 2024 Elsevier LtdÖğe A detailed investigation on highly dense CuZr bulk metallic glasses for shielding purposes(De Gruyter Open, 2022) Tekin, Hüseyin Ozan; Almisned, G.; Susoy, Gülfem; Zakaly, Hesham M.H.; Issa, Shams A.M.; Kılıç, Gökhan; Rammah, Yasser Saad; Lakshminarayana, Gandham; Ene, AntoanetaGamma-ray shielding properties of eight different metallic glasses based on CuxZr100-x: x = 35 (Cu35Zr65) - 70 (Cu70Zr30) were determined using Monte Carlo simulations and Phy-X/PSD software. A typical gamma-ray transmission setup has been modeled in MCNPX Monte Carlo code. The general trend of the linear attenuation coefficients (?) was reported as (?)Cu35Zr65 < (?)Cu40Zr60 < (?)Cu45Zr55 < (?)Cu50Zr50 < (?)Cu55Zr45 < (?)Cu60Zr40 < (?)Cu65Zr35 [removed] (MFP,HVL)Cu40Zr60 > (MFP,HVL)Cu45Zr55 > (MFP,HVL)Cu50Zr50 > (MFP,HVL)Cu55Zr45 > (MFP,HVL)Cu60Zr40 > (MFP,HVL)Cu65Zr35 > (MFP,HVL)Cu70Zr30 for all photon energy range. The Cu70Zr30 sample showed maximum values of both the effective conductivity (C eff) and effective electron density (N eff). In addition, the Cu70Zr30 sample has minimum exposure and energy absorption buildup factor (EBF and EABF) values at all studied gamma-ray energies. The results revealed that the Cu70Zr30 sample has superior attenuation properties among all studied samples. © 2022 Huseyin Ozan Tekin et al., published by De Gruyter.Öğe Examining the trade-off between structural, mechanical properties and shielding performance of Pr2O3-enhanced 316L stainless steel(Elsevier ltd, 2025) Yayla, Nihal; Albayrak, M.Gökhan; Güler, Ömer; Baykal, Duygu Şen; Alkarrani, Hessa; Almisned, Ghada; Zakaly, Hesham M.H.; Tekin, Hüseyin OzanThis study explores the structural, mechanical, and radiation shielding properties of 316L stainless steel composites reinforced with varying weight percentages of Pr2O3. The aim is to enhance radiation attenuation capabilities while maintaining structural integrity for nuclear applications. The composites were fabricated using the mechanical alloying method, followed by detailed characterization through X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Key radiation shielding parameters, including mass attenuation coefficient, linear attenuation coefficient, half-value layer, and effective atomic number, and transmission factor values were analysed using theoretical and computational models. Additionally, elastic modulus calculations were performed to assess mechanical properties. The results indicate that incorporating Pr2O3 significantly enhances shielding performance. The 316L-SS%20Pr2O3 composite exhibited the highest mass and linear attenuation coefficients values, with a notable reduction in half value layer values compared to the unreinforced 316L stainless steel. At lower photon energies, effective atomic number improved by 39.3 % for the 316L-SS%20Pr2O3 sample, while neutron shielding efficiency also increased. However, the elastic modulus decreased with higher Pr2O3 content, reflecting a trade-off between mechanical stiffness and radiation shielding efficiency. The findings demonstrate that 316L-SS%20Pr2O3 is a promising material for applications requiring superior radiation shielding, particularly in environments where mechanical load is secondary.Öğe Experimental and FLUKA evaluation on structure and optical properties and ?-radiation shielding capacity of bismuth borophosphate glasses(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Madbouly, A.M.; Sallam, O.I.; Issa, Shams A.M.; Rashad, M.; Hamdy, Amany; Tekin, Hüseyin Ozan; Zakaly, Hesham M.H.For 662, 1173, 1275, and 1333 keV gamma-ray energy, photon transmissions, linear attenuation coefficients, half value layer, tenth value layer, and mean free path values of bismuth-borophosphate glasses were measured experimentally. Then, the measured findings were compared to the FLUKA code. The FLUKA code findings agreed well with the experimental results. Furthermore, the findings show that adding Bi2O3 to the glass network improves the shielding properties. The current data reveal that when the Bi2O3 content rises, so does the absorbance. Furthermore, the optical constants of the present gasses, such as optical band gap, phonon energy, and tails of localized states, were examined. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer was used to analyze the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of our samples at room temperature in the 4000–400 cm?1 wavenumber range. From a shielding standpoint, bismuth-borophosphate glasses offer excellent gamma-ray shielding properties. © 2022Öğe Exploring the electrochemical potential of MoLa2O4/rGO/Co-MOF nanocomposites in energy storage and monosodium glutamate detection(Elsevier ltd, 2025) Muzaffar, Nimra; Barsoum, Imad; Afzal, Amir Muhammad; Iqbal, Muhammad Waqas; Ahmad, Zubair; Alqarni, Areej S.; Issa, Shams A.M.; Zakaly, Hesham M.H.Monosodium glutamate (MSG), a sodium salt that comes from a non-essential amino acid, is generally employed as a flavor accompaniment in numerous diet recipes. Metal oxides containing oxygen vacancies present a potential opportunity for utilization as charge storage materials in supercapattery applications. This work illustrates the fabrication of the MoLa2O4@Co-MOF@rGO nanocomposite via a combination of hydrothermal and modified Hummer methods. The structure of the fabricated MoLa2O4@Co-MOF@rGO nanocomposite was assessed by utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), whereas the structural analysis was conducted via X-ray diffraction (XRD). The superior electrochemical parameters of the MoLa2O4@Co-MOF@rGO nanocomposite over pure MoLa2O4 and MoLa2O4@Co-MOF were ascribed to the combined effect of MoLa2O4, Co-MOF, and rGO. The specific capacitance (Cs) of 310.1 Fg(-1) was achieved for MoLa2O4 and 626.8 Fg(-1) for MoLa2O4@Co-MOF. Among all samples, the MoLa2O4@Co-MOF@rGO electrode demonstrates an extraordinary Cs of 1716 Fg(-1) at 3 mVs(-1). The energy storage mechanism is explained using the using Randles-Sevcik and Dunn's models. The MoLa2O4@Co-MOF@rGO//activated carbon (AC) asymmetric supercapacitor configuration demonstrates the Cs of 1470 Fg(-1) at 3 mVs(-1) along with a particular energy of 58 Whkg(-1) and a power density (P-d) of 2500 Wkg(-1). A MoLa2O4@Co-MOF@rGO nanocomposite-based amperometric immunosensor was designed to detect monosodium glutamate (MSG). A linear relationship was consistently detected between MSG concentration and the associated current change across the complete detection range of 0.05-200 mu M. The multifunctional MoLa2O4@Co-MOF@rGO ternary nanocomposite electrode material opens up new prospects for designing hybrid devices in energy harvesting and food-related applications.Öğe Exploring the potential of bismuth-containing silicate borate glasses for optoelectronic devices and radiation protection(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Zakaly, Hesham M.H.; Issa, Shams A.M.; Ali A.S.; Almousa N.; Elsaman, Reda; Kubuki, Shiro; Atta M.M.This study studied novel bismuth silicate borate glasses with different bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) concentrations for their optical and γ-radiation shielding capabilities. The glass samples were characterized using UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy to determine their optical properties, including the optical absorption spectra, absorption edge, and optical band gaps. The FLUKA algorithm was used to determine the radiation shielding parameters in the energy range of 0.01–15 MeV. The results revealed that the optical absorption edge and intensity were influenced by the Bi2O3 concentration, with the highest absorption observed in the sample with 35 mol% Bi2O3. The direct and indirect optical band gaps decreased with adding Bi2O3 up to 15 mol%, then increased at 25 mol%, and then reduced to the lowest value at 35 mol%. The system's crystallite size grew as the amount of Bi2O3 in the sample increased, as revealed by XRD. With increasing Bi2O3 content, it was discovered that the mass attenuation coefficient (μm) and radiation shielding effectiveness rose. The effective atomic number (Zeff) values increased as Bi2O3 content grew. T0.5 values of the glass samples increased as the energy increased and decreased as the Bi2O3 concentration increased. These findings suggest that prepared glasses with high Bi2O3 concentrations have potential applications in radiation shielding and optoelectronics. © 2024Öğe Fabrication of newly developed tungsten III-oxide glass family: Physical, structural, mechanical, radiation shielding effectiveness(Elsevier GmbH, 2022) Issa, Shams A.M.; Tekin, Hüseyin Ozan; Saudi, H.A.; Koubisy, M.S.I.; Zhukovsky, M.; Ali, Ahmed S.; Zakaly, Hesham M.H.A series of glasses based on the nominal composition of (Na2O)5 + (Al2O3)10 + (SiO2)(85+x)/2 + (CaO)(85+x)/2 + (WO3)x glasses system were produced utilizing the usual melt quenching process in this study. Experimental techniques and the FLUKA Monte Carlo algorithm were used to examine the properties of silicon-calcium glasses containing tungstate-III-oxide. For five glass structures identified according to (Na2O)5+(Al2O3)10+(SiO2)(85+x)/2+(CaO)(85+x)/2+(WO3)x (0 ?x ? 20 wt-%) glass composition, the impact of tungstate-III-oxide with ratios of (0 ?x ? 20 wtpercent) on radiation shielding characteristics of glasses was set. The densities of the produced glasses fluctuated between 2.847 g/cm3 and 3.122 g/cm3 when tungstate-III-oxide was substituted. The produced sample densities, which are important in assessing radiation shielding features, rose as the WO3 concentration increased, according to our first results. In addition, the structure of each sample was studied using FT-IR. FT-IR showed that when WO3 levels rose, the connection level increased, and the FT-IR spectra shifted to higher wavenumbers. The synthesis of WO3 in a glass matrix enhances the structural network by raising oxygen levels, which leads to the transition of SiO2 into - CaO. Elastic moduli and Ultrasonic velocities were found to rise as the ratio of WO3 in the generated samples increased. These two approaches were used to model linear and mass attenuation coefficients, photons-transmittance versus photon energy, radiation protection efficiency against photon energy, and absorber thickness (experimental and simulation). Based on the results, it can be stated that the w20 sample, which contains 20 wt%, will play the most effective function in radiation shielding. Increases in WO3 led in considerable increases in linear and mass attenuation coefficient values, which directly contribute to the development of the glass's radiation shielding characteristics. © 2022 Elsevier GmbHÖğe Fabrication, optical, structural, and gamma-ray attenuation properties of novel slag-waste glasses as superior shields: An exploring journey for waste to glass transformation(Elsevier GmbH, 2022) Issa, Shams A.M.; Zakaly, Hesham M.H.; Rashad, M.; Ali, Ahmed S.; Tekin, Hüseyin OzanWe present a comprehensive study on the transformation of municipal slug wastes into glass samples with exceptional gamma-ray attenuation capabilities that may be used in medical and industrial radiation applications to the benefit of society. The whole process is performed using an adsorbent developed by loading iron oxide and TiO2 on municipal solid waste melted slag. The loading is carried out through chemical reactions and high-temperature process. The oxidation of arsenite with a concentration of 100 mg L?1 is completed in 3 h. Next, the glass synthesis process is performed using well-known melt-quenching method. Structural, optical, and gamma-ray attenuation properties are determined using experimental and theoretical methods. Our findings showed that a wide hump centered at 2?= 30° with no indication of any precise peaks emerging in the crystalline phases and glasses under investigation have amorphous natures. Using several well-known radioisotope energies, the half-value layers of slow waste glasses are determined. The 11-G sample demonstrated the greatest gamma-ray attenuation characteristics among the manufactured glass samples. The 11-G sample's half layer values are then compared to those of comparable glass, concrete, and polymer shields available in the literature. The results demonstrated that 11-G is clearly better than the other shield types. It can be concluded that some other novel materials with superior shielding properties may be manufactured using more thoroughly separating techniques in terms of determining the best conditions for this type of superior materials. It can be also concluded that some other characterization phases may be conducted in terms of identifying the undiscovered properties of the current samples towards better understanding of slug-waste based glasses and their potential applications.Öğe First principles computation of exchange mechanism, radiation shielding, and physical properties of FeCu2SnX4(X=S, Se, Te): Transitions metal based chalcogenides for spintronic and energy storage system applications(Elsevier Ltd., 2025) Sohail, Shahzad; İrfan, Muhammad; Ain, Quratul; İbrahim, Fatma A.; Hamdy, Mohamed S.; Zakaly, Hesham M.H.This study explores the multifunctional properties of Cu-based FeCu2SnX4(X = S, Se, Te) through density functional theory (DFT) calculations, focusing on their ferromagnetic stability, optical behavior, and thermoelectric performance. Phonon dispersions and negative formation energy values validated the stability of the ferromagnetic phase of all the investigated spinels. Band structure analysis confirmed semiconducting characteristics for both spin channels, while exchange splitting energies obtained from the density of states (DOS) were used to calculate exchange constants (N0α and N0β). The strong p-d hybridization, reflected in higher N0β = −0.14, −0.18, and −0.16 and N0α = 0.11, 0.29, and 0.35, indicated that the exchange field dominates the crystal field, driving ferromagnetism. Furthermore, p-d hybridization adjusted magnetic moments at Cu and Fe sites, showcasing tunable magnetic properties. Optical analysis in the 0–6 eV photon energy range revealed low light dispersion and refractive indices of 1–2 eV within the visible spectrum, suggesting potential for optoelectronic applications. Thermoelectric studies at 500 K demonstrated positive Seebeck coefficients for FeCu₂SnS₄ and FeCu₂SnSe₄, while FeCu₂SnTe₄ showed negative coefficients at room temperature. Power factors increased with temperature from X = S to Te, highlighting their potential for thermoelectric power generation. Furthermore, the radiation shielding assessment emphasized that FeCu2SnTe4 provides an HVL of a minimum of 0.18 cm at 0.015 MeV, which clearly explains gamma-ray absorption more than other samples. This information places FeCu₂SnX₄ spinel structures as potential candidates for applications that require combined magnetic, optical, radiation shielding, and energy functionalities. These findings position FeCu₂SnX₄ spinels as promising materials for integrated magnetic, optical, radiation shielding, and energy applications. © 2025 Elsevier LtdÖğe First principles investigations of linear and nonlinear optical, radiation shielding and thermoelectric properties of the non-centrosymmetric Ba-based chalcogenides Ba2In2X5 (X=S, Te)(Elsevier Ltd., 2025) İrfan, Muhammad; İbrahim, Fatma A.; Hamdy, Mohamed S.; Issa, Shams A.M.; Zakaly, Hesham M.H.We explore the structural, elastic, optoelectronic, Radiation Shielding, and thermoelectric properties of Ba2In2X5 (X = S, Te) using first-principles computations and semi-classical Boltzmann Transport equations. These materials are classified as semiconductors exhibiting band gaps of 2.0 eV and 3.0 eV for both investigated NLO compounds that have more significant direct band gaps of superior optical birefringence and second-order NLO coefficients. The bonding properties have been investigated by analyzing the electron charge density (ECD) contour of the (1 0 1) crystallographic plane. It is clear from the reflectivity spectra that both compounds have a high degree of reflectivity, which could make them useful as UV and visible light shields. From 0 to 14.0 eV, the approximated reflectivity values, R (ω), are displayed against the incident photon energy. Therefore, the reflectivity is around 30 % before E ≈ 12.0 eV and 40 % reflection at ∼13.0 eV. Phase matching is possible for both compounds detected, as shown by the birefringence computations. Furthermore, the radiation shielding properties of Ba2In2S5 and Ba2In2Te5 have been evaluated using Phy-X software, demonstrating their potential effectiveness in medical and nuclear energy applications. The thermoelectric properties display N-type nature at low temperatures when the Seebeck coefficient changes from N to P-type at higher temperature ranges. These compounds have remarkable optical and thermal properties, rendering them highly attractive materials for thermoelectric and optoelectronic devices. © 2024 Elsevier LtdÖğe Gamma, neutron, and heavy charged ion shielding properties of Er3+-doped and Sm3+-doped zinc borate glasses(De Gruyter Open Ltd, 2022) Tekin, Hüseyin Ozan; Almisned, Ghada; Zakaly, Hesham M.H.; Zamil, Abdallah; Khoucheich, Dalia; Bilal, Ghaida; Al-Sammarraie, Lubna; Issa, Shams A.M.; Al-Buriahi, Mohammed Sultan; Ene, AntoanetaThis study aimed to investigate the nuclear radiation shielding properties of erbium (Er)-reinforced and samarium (Sm)-reinforced borate glasses. In the 0.015-15 MeV photon energy range, attenuation coefficients, as well as half-value layer tenth-value layers, and the mean-free path have been calculated. Additionally, effective, and equivalent atomic numbers, effective atomic weight, electron density, and exposure and energy absorption build-up factors were also calculated. To evaluate the overall nuclear radiation attenuation competencies of Er-rich and Sm-rich glasses, effective removal cross-section values for fast neutrons and projected range/mass stopping power values for alpha and proton particles were also determined. The glass sample BZBEr2.0 had the highest linear and mass attenuation coefficients (? and ?m), effective conductivity (Ceff), the effective number of electrons (Neff), and effective atomic number (Zeff) values as well as the lowest half-value layer (T1/2), tenth value layers (T1/10), mean free path (?), exposure build-up factor, and energy absorption build-up factor values. ?m values were reported as 2.337, 2.556, 2.770, 2.976, 2.108, 2.266, 2.421, 2.569, and 2.714 for BZBEr0.5, BZBEr1.0, BZBEr1.5, BZBEr2.0, BZBSm0.0, BZBSm0.5, BZBSm1.0, BZBSm1.5, and BZBSm2.0 glass samples at 0.06 MeV, respectively. The results showed that Er has a greater effect than Sm regarding the gamma-ray shielding properties of borate glasses. The results of this investigation could be used in further investigations and added to older investigations with the same aim, to aid the scientific community in determining the most appropriate rare-earth additive, to provide adequate shielding properties based on the requirement. © 2022 Huseyin Ozan Tekin et al., published by De Gruyter.
