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Öğe A spin-polarized analysis of the half-metallicity, mechanical, structural and optoelectronic attributes of full-Heusler XVCo2 (X = B and P) alloys(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2024) Firdous, Faiza; Ain, Quratul; Issa, Shams A. M.; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Munir, JunaidCobalt-based Heusler alloys possess high Curie temperatures with half-metallic characteristics, which make them excellent candidates for spintronic applications. These types of Heusler alloys are perfect for the fabrication of magnetic sensors and memory-based devices. Herein, an in-depth first principles analysis of the physical attributes of XVCo2 (X = B and P) was performed. The mBJ functional was employed to treat electron-ion interaction within their crystal structures. The crystal structure of XVCo2 (X = B and P) was optimized, and relaxation parameters for both alloys were analyzed. Their ground-state energies at minimum volume were also computed. The Thomas Charpin methodology was employed to compute elastic constants for XVCo2 (X = B and P), and mechanical properties of both alloys were obtained. For both alloys, metallic behavior was recorded in spin up channels, while indirect bandgaps of 0.38 eV and 1.73 eV were calculated in spin down channels for BVCo2 and PVCo2, respectively. Both studied alloys showed 100% polarization at the Fermi level. Furthermore, their bonding character was analyzed via electron density plots. The optical characteristic obtained from a complex dielectric equation revealed higher dispersion in the visible range for BVCo2 and PVCo2, making these materials excellent candidates for spintronics and optoelectronic devices. © 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry.Öğe Assessment of heavy metals contamination of sediments and surface waters of Bitter lake, Suez Canal, Egypt: Ecological risks and human health(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Shetaia, Said A.; Nasr, Riham A.; Lasheen, El Saeed R.; Dar, Mahmoud A.; Al-Mur, Bandar A.; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.The concentrations of heavy metals in the surface waters and sediments of Bitter Lake were investigated to assess the level, distribution, and source of pollution and the associated ecological and human health risks. The ecological indices of the lake water indicate low contamination degrees by heavy metals. A dermal exposurebased health risk evaluation revealed no carcinogenic or non-carcinogenic impact on human health. The contamination factor (CF) for Cu, Ni, Pb, Mn, Fe, and Zn (CF < 1) indicate low contamination levels, while Cd reaches very high contamination in most sediment sites (CF ranges from 6.2 to 72.4). Furthermore, the potential ecological risk factor (Eri) and modified hazard quotient (mHQ) indicate low ecological risk for all metals except Cd, revealing high to very high-level ecological risk in most sites (Eri ranges from 185 to 2173 and mHQ from 1.8 to 6.3). This emphasizes the urgency of prompt actions to improve the environment in Bitter Lake.Öğe Assessment of the usability conditions of Sb2O3-PbO-B2O3 glasses for shielding purposes in some medical radioisotope and a wide gamma-ray energy spectrum(DE GRUYTER POLAND SP Z O O, 2022) Almisned, Ghada; Şen Baykal, Duygu; Kılıç, Gökhan; Susoy, Gülfem; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Ene, Antoaneta; Tekin, Hüseyin OzanWe report some fundamental gamma-ray shielding properties and individual transmission factors (TFs) of five distinct glass samples with a nominal composition of xSb(2)O(3)center dot (40 - x)PbO center dot 60B(2)O(3)center dot 0.5CuO and (where; 0 <= x <= 40 mol%). Phy-X/PSD and MCNPX (version 2.7.0) Monte Carlo code are utilized to determine several critical parameters, such as cross-sections, attenuation coefficients, half and tenth value layers, build-up factors, and TFs. A general transmission setup is designed using basic requirements. Accordingly, TFs are evaluated for several medical radioisotopes. Next, the gamma-ray shielding parameters and TFs are assessed together in terms of providing the validity of the findings. Our results showed that there is a positive contribution of increasing Sb2O3 amount in the glass matrix owing its direct effect to the density increment as well. This positive effect on gamma-ray shielding properties is also observed for decreasing mean free path values from S1 to S5 samples. The exposure build-up factor (EBF) and energy absorption build-up factor (EABF) values, increasing the quantity of Sb2O3 supplementation, resulted in a general reduction in EBF and EABF values (i.e., from 0.5 to 40 mfp). When the quantity of Sb2O3 rises from S1 to S5, the collision rate of incoming gamma rays in glass samples increases significantly. The TF figures reveal that S5 showed the least transmission behavior across all the above-mentioned studied glass thicknesses. It can be concluded that increasing the Sb2O3 additive is a beneficial and monotonic technique, when the gamma-ray shielding qualities or TF values must be further enhanced.Öğe Bacterial MgSe complex nanoparticle synthesis and electrical characterization of fabricated Ag/MgSe/p-Si hetero-structure under dark and illumination(Cell Press, 2023) Cakici, T.; Ozdal, O. Gur; Almousa, N.; Yildiz, F.; Khalil, H.; Ene, Antoaneta; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.The Pseudomonas aeruginosa OG1 strain was used in the bacterial synthesis of MgSe compound nanoparticles. The obtained samples were subsequently shaped into nanocrystalline MgSe films, and their optical, structural, morphological, and electrical properties were assessed on glass and p-Si substrates. Structural and morphological characterizations showed that the fabricated thin film samples have a polycrystalline structure with high quality and uniform grain sizes. The MgSe films produced on glass substrates exhibit a direct spectral band gap of 2.53 eV, according to optical measurements. The Ag/MgSe/p-Si layered diode structure was fabricated using the produced MgSe nanoparticles and then characterized by electrical properties. Electrical measurements were carried out under these two conditions to assess the effects of dark and illumination conditions on the band dynamics of the heterostructure devices. Under illumination, the barrier height decreased while the interface density states distribution increased. These measurements showed that using bacterial-assisted grown MgSe nanocrystalline films, the developed Ag/MgSe/ p-Si device structure exhibited a remarkable photoresponse and stable rectifying property. Green synthesis methods for the production of these nanocrystalline materials have the potential to offer low-cost alternatives for photosensitive applications.Öğe Calculation of NaI(Tl) detector efficiency using Ra-226, Th-232, and K-40 radioisotopes: Three-phase Monte Carlo simulation study(DE GRUYTER POLAND SP Z O O, 2022) Tekin, Hüseyin Ozan; Almisned, Ghada; Issa, Shams A. M.; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Kılıç, Gökhan; Ene, AntoanetaThallium-activated sodium iodide (NaI(Tl)) detectors can be used in gamma cameras, environmental radiation assessments, including radiation emission levels from nuclear reactors, and radiation analysis equipment. This three-phase investigation aimed to model a standard NaI(Tl) detector using the Monte Carlo N-Particle eXtended (MCNPX) general-purpose Monte Carlo simulation techniques. Accordingly, a standard NaI(Tl) detector was designed along with the required properties. Next a validation study of the modelled NaI(Tl) detector has been performed based on the experimental results for absolute detector efficiency values obtained from Ra-226, Th-232, and K-40 radioisotopes. Our findings indicate that the obtained absolute detector efficiency values are quite close to used experimental values. Finally, we used the modelled detector for determination of mass attenuation coefficients of Ordinary concrete, Lead, Hematite-serpentine concrete, and Steel-scrap concrete at 186.1, 295.22, 351.93, 609.31, 1120.29, 1764.49, 238.63, 911.2, 2614, and 1460.83 keV gamma-ray energies. Additionally, according to our findings, mass attenuation coefficients obtained from the newly designed detector are compatible with the standard NIST (XCOM) data. To conclude, continuous optimisation procedures are strongly suggested for sophisticated Monte Carlo simulations in order to maintain a high degree of simulation reliability. As a result, it can be concluded that the validation of the simulation model is necessary using measured data. Finally, it can also be concluded that the validated detector models are effective instruments for obtaining basic gamma-ray shielding parameters such as mass attenuation coefficients.Öğe Clinical comprehensive and experimental assessment of the radioprotective effect of Annona muricata leaf extract to prevent cellular damage in the ileum tissue(De Gruyter Open Ltd, 2022) Elmas, Özlem; Şahin, Havva Hande Keser; Keskin, Emrah; Güven, Berrak; Uslu Erdemir, Rabiye; Almisned, Ghada; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Ene, Antoaneta; Tekin, Hüseyin OzanWe report the radioprotective attitude of Annona muricata (AM) leaf extract as antioxidant material to prevent cellular damage in the ileum tissue. The protective effects of an ethyl acetate extract of AM leaves are comprehensively investigated against radiation-induced ileal damage in numerous rats. Thirty-two adult female rats were separated into 4 groups (3 intervention groups and 1 control) as follows: controls received 0.01 mL/kg distilled water, the AM group received 300 mg/kg AM leaf extract, the ionizing radiation (IR) group received a single dose of whole body radiation (8.3 Gy) after 0.01 mL/kg saline treatment, and the AM + IR group received 300 mg/kg AM leaf extract treatment and were subjected to whole body radiation (8.3 Gy) 1 h after the last gavage. All treatments are administered by oral gavage once a day for 9 days. At the end of the experiment, biochemical total oxidant status (TOS, interleukin-6, and caspase) and histological examinations are performed on blood samples as well as ileum tissue. TOS levels are found to be significantly high in rats, which received irradiation, and those in the AM group when compared to controls. These findings suggest that AM has radioprotective effects on ileum tissue, likely because of its antioxidative properties. The findings of this research may contribute to the minimizing of major side effects induced by excessive radiation exposure in patients undergoing radiotherapy and may serve as a significant impetus for further assessments. However, future studies are highly recommended to confirm safety and to determine extraction technique and dosage before human use can be considered.Öğe Comparative analysis on application conditions of indium (III) oxide-reinforced glasses in nuclear waste management and source transportation: A Monte Carlo simulation study(Cell Press, 2023) ALMisned, Ghada; Baykal, Duygu Sen; Kilic, G.; Ilik, E.; Rabaa, Elaf; Susoy, G.; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.This study's primary objective is to provide the preliminary findings of novel research on the design of Indium (III) oxide-reinforced glass container that were thoroughly developed for the purpose of a nuclear material container for transportation and waste management applications. The shielding characteristics of an Indium (III) oxide-reinforced glass container with a certain elemental composition against the 60Co radioisotope was thoroughly evaluated. The energy deposition in the air surrounding the designed portable glass containers is measured using MCNPX general-purpose Monte Carlo code. Simulation studies were carried out using LenovoP620 workstation and the number of tracks was defined as 108 in each simulation phase. According to results, the indium oxide-doped C6 (TZI8) container exhibits superior protective properties compared to other conventional container materials such as 0.5Bitumen-0.5 Cement, Pb Glass composite, Steel-Magnetite concrete. In addition to its superiority in terms of nuclear safety, it is proposed that the source's simultaneous observation and monitoring, as well as the C6 (TZI8) glass structure's transparency, be underlined as significant advantages. High-density glasses, which may replace undesirable materials such as concrete and lead, provide several advantages in terms of production ease, non-toxic properties, and resource monitoring. In conclusion, the use of Indium (III) oxide-reinforced glass with its high transparency andÖğe Comparative effect of ostrich, olive, and omega-3 oils in the prevention of liver damage due to ionizing radiation in rats(Elsevier, 2025) Elmas, Özlem; Şahin, Havva Hande Keser; Güven, Berrak; Almisned, Ghada; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Tekin, Hüseyin Ozan; Ene, AntoanetaThe objective of this study was to assess the potential advantageous impact of ostrich oil, olive oil, and omega-3 oil in mitigating the oxidative stress and hepatic tissue damage induced by ionizing radiation in rats. A total of sixty-four female Wistar albino rats were categorized into eight distinct groups, namely: (1) control, (2) irradiation, (3) ostrich oil, (4) ostrich oil combined with irradiation, (5) olive oil, (6) olive oil combined with irradiation, (7) omega-3, and (8) omega-3 combined with irradiation. Omega-3 oil treatment resulted in decreased levels of tissue total oxidant status (TOS) in both healthy and irradiated animals. The study revealed that the rats subjected to radiation and administered with ostrich oil and omega-3 exhibited the lowest levels of tissue total antioxidant status (TAS). The group that was exposed to radiation exhibited significant levels of lymphocyte infiltration, 70% of the samples displaying this characteristic. Additionally, 40% of the samples exhibited ballooning degeneration at the most severe levels, while 60% displayed necrotic changes at a severe level. The animals that were administered omega-3 oil exhibited the least amount of lymphocyte infiltration, ballooning degeneration, and necrotic changes among the groups that were exposed to radiation. The administration of ostrich oil, olive oil, and omega-3 oil at a concentration of 1 mL/kg before exposure to radiation resulted in a reduction of TOS and the restoration of liver morphology. The results of the study indicate that the administration of olive oil to animals resulted in the highest levels of antioxidant activity in irradiated rats. Additionally, rats that received omega-3 oil exhibited the lowest levels of lymphocyte infiltration, ballooning degeneration, and necrosis in liver tissue sections.Öğe A comprehensive evaluation of the attenuation characteristics of some sliding bearing alloys under 0.015–15 meV gamma-ray exposure(MDPI, 2022) Algethami, Merfat; Ibraheem, Awad A.; Issa, Shams A. M.; Tekin, Hüseyin Ozan; Ene, Antoaneta; Pyshkina, Maria; Rashad, Mohamed; Almisned, Ghada; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.In this study, three different sliding bearing alloy samples were investigated in terms of their performance on attenuation characteristics and behavioral attitudes under 0.015–15 MeV gamma-ray exposure. Accordingly, different types of advanced calculation methods were utilized to calculate the radiation shielding parameters. Next, several gamma-ray shielding parameters and exposure rates in addition to fast neutron removal cross-section were determined. Furthermore, exposure and energy absorption buildup factors were determined by using G-P fitting method. Mass attenuation coefficients (MAC) values were recorded as 2.5246, 2.5703, and 2.5827 (cm2 /g) for Alloy1, Alloy2, and Alloy3 samples at 15 MeV photon energy, respectively. At 40 mfp, the highest EBF values were reported as 1,376,274, 1,003,593, and 969,373 for Alloy1, Alloy2, and Alloy3 samples. The results of this extended investigation showed that the Alloy3 sample with the highest Pb reinforcement amount has superior shielding capability among the investigated samples. It can be concluded from the results that substitution of Pb with Bi in the recent alloy structure has a monotonic effect on different types of shielding parameters. Therefore, it can also be concluded that Pb is a remarkable tool for the improvement of the shielding properties of studied alloy structures. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Öğe Comprehensive study of optical, thermal, and gamma-ray shielding properties of B2O3-SiO2-BeO- MgO-La2O3, glasses(Elsevier, 2024) Alsafi, Khalid; Aloraini, Dalal Abdullah; Almutairi, Haifa M.; Issa, Shams A. M.; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Shaaban, Kh S.The purpose of this work is to study the thermal, optical, structural, and radiation-shielding features of glass system with composition 57B2O3-16SiO2-11BeO- (16-x) MgO-xLa2O3, x = (0 <= x >= 16). The structural characteristics of glass samples are examined using XRD. This glass's molar volume decreased from 18.21 to 17.46 (cm3/mol), while its density increased from 3.213 to 5.967 g/cm3. Differential thermal analysis data were used to assess the thermal stability (Delta T) for BSLa samples. It was discovered that when the La2O3 amount increased, the glass stability increased. The optical band gap (Ediopt), (Eindi opt ) and Urbach's energy (Eu) were computed using UV absorption spectra. (Ediopt) decrease from 4.323 to 3.816 eV and (Eindiopt) decrease from 3.413 to 2.95 eV, whereas (Eu) increase from 0.278 to 0.324 as a result of the changes of borosilicate's structured caused by the addition of La2O3. The examined glasses may be utilized for non -linear optical applications, according to the high (n) and low metallization (M) values. The Phy-X tool was utilized to obtain (MAC), (LAC), and (Zeff) of the suggested glasses within the energies 0.015-15 MeV. The BSLa16 sample achieved the highest values of the (MAC), (LAC), and (Zeff). Consequently, BSLa16 is a good option for gamma-ray shielding applications.Öğe A critical evaluation on nuclear safety properties of novel cadmium oxide-rich glass containers for transportation and waste management: benchmarking with a reinforced concrete container(FRONTIERS MEDIA SA, 2022) Almisned, Ghada; Şen Baykal, Duygu; Kılıç, Gökhan; İlik, Erkan; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Ene, Antoaneta; Tekin, Hüseyin OzanWe examine the nuclear safety properties of a newly designed cadmiumoxide-rich glass container for nuclear material to a bitumen-reinforced concrete container. Individual transmission factors, detectormodelling, and energy deposition (MeV/g) in the air are calculated using MCNPX (version 2.7.0) general purpose Monte Carlo code. Two container configurations are designed with the material properties of cadmium dioxide-rich glass and Concrete + Bitument in consideration. First, individual transmission factors for 60Co and 137Cs radioisotopes are calculated. To evaluate potential environmental consequences, energy deposition amounts in the air for 60Co and 137Cs are also determined. The minimum gamma-ray transmission rates for two container types are reported for a cadmium dioxiderich glass container. In addition, the quantity of energy deposition is varied depending on the container type, with a lower value for cadmium dioxide-rich glass container. The 40% cadmium dioxide-doped glass container provides more effective safety than the Cement + Bitumen container, according to the overall findings. In conclusion, the utilization of cadmium dioxide-doped glass material along with its high transparency and advanced material properties may be a significant and effective option in areas where concrete is required to assure the safety of nuclear materials.Öğe Customization of silver(I) oxide incorporation ratio to enhance radiation attenuation properties in chalcogenide oxide reinforced glass-ceramics(Springer, 2024) Almisned, Ghada; Susoy, Gülfem; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Rabaa, Elaf; Kılıç, Göktuğ; Şen Baykal, Duygu; Tekin, Hüseyin OzanIn this study, we explored the gamma-ray shielding properties of As2O3 glass ceramics, which were doped with varying concentrations of Ag2O within chalcogenide oxides (SeO2 and TeO2). Utilizing the Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) code for simulations, alongside the Phy-X/PSD software for theoretical validation, we aimed to understand the influence of Ag2O integration on the attenuation characteristics of these glass systems. Among the five glass compositions analyzed, ATSAg0.50, containing 0.50 mol% Ag2O, stood out due to its superior density and attenuation coefficients, suggesting enhanced shielding capabilities. Our methodology encompassed detailed assessments of linear and mass attenuation coefficients, alongside parameters like the half-value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP), and transmission factors (TFs), across a wide photon energy spectrum. Notably, ATSAg0.50 exhibited the lowest TFs and shortest MFP, indicating its potential as an efficient shield against gamma radiation. Furthermore, its high linear attenuation coefficients across all energies emphasize the pivotal role of material composition and density in effective radiation protection. It can be concluded that ATSAg0.50 emerges as a promising candidate for gamma-ray shielding applications, balancing material efficiency with performance.Öğe Delving into the properties of nanostructured Mg ferrite and PEG composites: A comparative study on structure, electrical conductivity, and dielectric relaxation(Cell Press, 2023) El-Ghazzawy, Enas H.; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Alrowaily, Albandari W.; Saafan, Samia A.; Ene, Antoaneta; Abo-aita, Nagat M.; Darwish, Moustafa A.Magnesium ferrite (MgFe2O4) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) are materials known for their versatility in various applications. This study presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of the electrical conductivity and dielectric relaxation of nanostructured MgFe2O4 and its composites with PEG. Through experimentation, it was observed that incorporating PEG into MgFe2O4 did not lead to a high relative observed decrease or increase in electrical conductivity at room temperature. The study revealed that the composites maintained stable electrical behavior at room temperature, with a dielectric constant value of around 9 and a loss tangent value of around 0.1 at high frequency (around 7 MHz). The electron-hole hopping mechanism was identified as the underlying cause for the strong dielectric dispersion with frequency. The low dielectric loss and conductivity of the MgFe2O4 and PEG/ferrite composites make them promising candidates for high-frequency switching applications and microelectronic devices, particularly in scenarios where negligible eddy currents are essential. Additionally, complex impedance data analysis demonstrated that the capacitive and resistive properties of the composites are primarily attributed to grain boundary processes. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the electrical and dielectric properties of MgFe2O4 and PEG composites and highlights their potential for many applications in materials science, particularly in electrical and electronic devices.Öğe Designing of High-Performance MnNiS@MXene Hybrid Electrode for Energy Storage and Photoelectrochemical Applications(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024) Ahmad, Maqsood; Imran, Muhammad; Afzal, Amir Muhammad; Ahsan ul Haq, Muhammad; Alqarni, Areej S.; Iqbal, Muhammad Waqas; Issa, Shams A. M.; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.The overconsumption of fossil fuels is leading to worsening environmental damage, making the generation of clean, renewable energy an absolute necessity. Two common components of electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices are batteries and supercapacitors (SCs), which are among the most promising answers to the worldwide energy issue. In this study, we introduce an exceptionally efficient electrode material for supercapacitors, composed of a hydrothermally synthesized composite known as MnNiS@MXene. We utilized XRD, SEM, and BET to analyze the material’s crystallinity, morphology, and surface area. The Qs of MnNiS@MXene was a remarkable 1189.98 C/g or 1983.3 F/g at 2 A/g under three electrode assemblies in 1 M KOH electrolyte solution. Activated carbon was used as the negative electrode, while MnNiS@MXene served as the positive electrode in the assembled supercapattery device (MnNiS@MXene//AC). This device showed exceptional performance, a specific capacity of 307.18 C/g, a power density of 1142.61 W/kg, and an energy density of 34.79 Wh/kg. Additionally, cyclic durability was evaluated through 7000 cycles of charging/discharging, demonstrating that it maintained approximately 87.57% of its original capacity. The successful integration of these materials can lead to electrodes with superior energy storage capabilities and efficient photoelectrochemical performance. The aforementioned findings suggest that MnNiS@MXene exhibits promising potential as an electrode material for forthcoming energy storage systems. © 2024 by the authors.Öğe Determination of gamma-ray transmission factors of WO3-TeO2-B2O3 glasses using MCNPX monte carlo code for shielding and protection purposes(DE GRUYTER POLAND SP Z O O, 2022) Almisned, Ghada; Susoy, Gülfem; Kılıç, Gökhan; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Ene, Antoaneta; Tekin, Hüseyin Ozan; Baykal, Duygu ŞenThe aim of this study is to assess the individual gamma-ray transmission factors (TFs) and some fundamental gamma-ray attenuation properties of several types of glasses based on WO3-TeO2-B2O3 glasses system. MCNPX (version 2.7.0) is used for the calculation of TFs. Other critical parameters are determined using the Phy-X/PSD program. To determine the TFs of studied glasses, several medical radioisotopes are determined along with their characteristic gamma-ray energies. The superior values for the investigated parameters are found in glass sample S6. Furthermore, the exposure build-up factor and energy absorption build-up factor values for glass sample S6 were the lowest. S6 glass sample with the chemical composition 0.03833B + 0.26075O + 0.11591Zn + 0.52783Te + 0.05718W and a density of 3.3579 g/cm(3) is found to have exceptional gamma-ray attenuation qualities, according to our findings. It can be concluded that the prospective attributes of WO3-doped glass systems and associated glass compositions would be beneficial for scientific community in terms of providing a clearer view for some advanced applications of these glass types.Öğe Diagnostic and therapeutic radioisotopes in nuclear medicine: Determination of gamma-ray transmission factors and safety competencies of high-dense and transparent glassy shields(DE GRUYTER POLAND SP Z O O, 2022) Erdemir, Rabiye Uslu; Kılıç, Gökhan; Baykal, Duygu Şen; Almisned, Ghada; Issa, Shams A. M.; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Ene, Antoaneta; Tekin, Hüseyin OzanWe present the findings of an extensive examination on newly designed CdO-rich and transparent glass shields for nuclear medicine facilities in lieu of traditional and unfavorable materials, such as lead and concrete. Gamma-ray transmission factors of newly designed glass shields are determined using a variety of diagnostic, therapeutic, and research radioisotopes, including Ga-67, Co-57, In-111, Tl-201, Tc-99m, Cr-51, I-131, Co-58, Cs-137, Ba-133, and Co-60. A general-purpose Monte Carlo code MCNPX (version 2.7.0) is used to determine the attenuation parameters of different material thicknesses. Next, the findings are compared using a standard concrete shielding material. The results indicate that adding more CdO to the glass composition improves the overall gamma-ray attenuation properties. As a result, among the heavy and transparent glasses developed, the C40 sample containing 40% CdO exhibited the best gamma-ray absorption properties against all radioisotopes. Furthermore, the gamma-ray absorption characteristics of this created high-density glass were shown to be better to those of a standard and heavy concrete sample. It can be concluded that the newly developed CdO-rich and transparent glass sample may be used in medical radiation fields where the radioisotopes examined are used in daily clinical and research applications.Öğe Distribution of Heavy Metals along the Mediterranean Shoreline from Baltim to El-Burullus (Egypt): Consequences for Possible Contamination(MDPI, 07.10.2024) Seif, Rehab A.; Ene, Antoaneta; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Sallam, Asmaa M.; Taalab, Sherif A.; Fnais, Mohammed S.; Saadawi, Diaa A.; Amer, Shaimaa A.; Awad, Hamdy A.This work is mainly concerned with the effect of anthropogenic activities, the presence of black sand spots, factory construction, and shipping, in addition to other activities like agriculture, on soil heavy metal pollution along the Mediterranean shores of Lake El-Burullus, Egypt, to assess the contamination levels and to identify possible sources and the distribution of these metals. This study focuses on the various heavy metal contamination levels in El-Burullus Lake coastal sediments. Sediment samples were collected and analyzed by the XRF technique for heavy metals, including Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Zr, Pb, Ba, Sr, Ga, Rb, V, and Nb. Statistical analyses, including correlation coefficient, factor analysis, and cluster analysis, were employed to understand the interactions and sources of these metals. The highest concentrations recorded were for Zr (84-1436 mg/kg) and Pb (1-1166 mg/kg), with average concentrations of 455.53 mg/kg and 79.27 mg/kg, respectively. Cr, Zr, Nb, and Pb showed average values higher than the average shale concentration, indicating potential pollution. Correlation analysis revealed strong associations between several metals, suggesting common sources of both natural and anthropogenic origin and similar distribution patterns. Factor analysis indicated four main factors accounting for 94.069% of the total variance, with the first factor heavily dominated by Cr, Ni, Zn, and Ba. The contamination factor (Cf) and degree (DC) analyses revealed varying contamination levels, with most metals exhibiting the greatest values in the western half of the area. The pollution load index (PLI) indicated high-quality sediment samples without significant pollution. Our findings highlight the importance of continued monitoring and management techniques to reduce possible environmental and health concerns associated with these pollutants.Öğe The distribution of radiotoxic 137Cs concentrations in seaweed and mussel species in the Mediterranean Sea(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Abbasi, Akbar; Almousa, Nouf; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.A study was conducted to determine the 137Cs activity concentrations in various seaweed and mussel samples from the North East Mediterranean Sea, including the brown algae (Dictyota dichotoma) and oarweed (Laminaria digitata), and mussel species (Haliotis asinina, Mytilus edulis and Mytilus galloprovinciali). The 137Cs activity con-centration in seaweed species exhibited varying levels, ranging from 84.20 +/- 1.82 to 236.05 +/- 5.72 mBq kg-1 fresh weight (fw) for oarweed, and 106.29 +/- 2.26 to 252.38 +/- 6.04 mBq kg -1 fw for brown algae. The 137Cs value in mussel species were between 12.94 +/- 0.51-101.84 +/- 1.35 mBq kg -1 fw for M. galloprovincialis, 15.49 +/- 0.58-71.52 +/- 1.16 mBq kg-1 fw for M. edulis, and 10.36 +/- 0.11-69.13 +/- 1.34 mBq kg -1 fw for H. asinine. When comparing the 137Cs concentration in seaweed and mussel species, the average concentration in seaweeds was approximately four times higher than that in mussels. This significant difference in radioisotope concentration highlights the potential for higher bioaccumulation of 137Cs in seaweeds compared to mussels.Öğe Dolphin-shaped island: Exploring the natural resources and radiological hazards of Wadi El Gemal Island(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Khaleal, Farrage M.; Tahoon, Mohamed A.; Saleh, Gehad M.; Kamar, Mohamed S.; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Zidan, Ibrahim H.; Al-Mur, Bandar A.The objective of this study is to assess the natural resources and radiological risks of Wadi El Gemal Island by examining its topography, mineralogy, geochemistry, and radioactive distributions. This island, which is situated at the outlet of Wadi El Gemal in Egypt's southeastern Desert, has a unique shape resembling a dolphin based on Landsat imagery. It's a part of the Wadi El Gemal-Hamata Protectorate and is notable for its diverse environmental, geological, economic, and archeological features, including recent reefs, sandy deposits, Quaternary carbonate sediments, and mangroves. The main natural resources on the island are fauna, mangrove forests, and flora. Samples collected from the island were analyzed using a NaI detector to measure the concentrations of radionuclides such as 238U, 232Th, 226Ra, and 40K, which were found to be within acceptable levels according to UNSCAR guidelines. The radionuclide 238U, 232Th, 226Ra, and 40K activity concentrations of the collected samples were 32.55 & PLUSMN; 9, 12.63 & PLUSMN; 4, 12.49 & PLUSMN; 4, and 325 & PLUSMN; 34 Bq/kg, respectively. Regarding radiological hazard indices, the values of absorbed gamma dose rate (36.06 & PLUSMN; 5.42 nGy/h), radium equivalent activity (73.88 & PLUSMN; 14.4 Bq/kg), annual effective dose indoor (0.18 & PLUSMN; 0.03 mSv/y) and outdoor (0.04 & PLUSMN; 0.01 mSv/y), internal (0.29 & PLUSMN; 0.05) and external (0.2 & PLUSMN; 0.03) indices, and excess lifetime cancer index (0.15 & PLUSMN; 0.05 x 10-3).This is suggest that there is no significant risk associated with these sediments.Öğe Dual Impacts of Bi2O3/B2O3 Substitution on Mechanical and Attenuation Properties of Zinc-Bismuth-Borate Ternary Glasses for Diagnosis ?-Rays Shielding Materials Application(Springer, 2023) Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Tekin, H. O.; Issa, A. M. Shams; Alrowaily, Albandari W.; Ene, Antoaneta; Rammah, Y. S.Investigations have been made on the mechanical and gamma-ray attenuation properties of the zinc bismuth-borate ternary glass system with the chemical formula (70-x)Bi2O3-xB(2)O(3)-30ZnO, where x = 20 (S1), 25 (S2), 30 (S3), 40 (S4), 45 (S5), and 50 (S6) mol%. Makishima-Mackenzie model and Phy-X/PSD software were used to accomplish this goal. Our research showed that the packing density (Vt) and dissociation energy (Gt) values reduced from S1 glass sample (with B2O3 = 20 mol% and Bi2O3 = 50 mol%) to S6 glass sample (with B2O3 = 50 mol% and Bi2O3 = 20 mol%), respectively, from 0.522 to 0.352 and from 31.53 kJ/cm(3) to 26.97 kJ/cm(3). By increasing the amount of B2O3 in the glasses, the efficiency of their mechanical features was reduced. The S1 glass sample's linear (mu) and mass attenuation (mu(m)) coefficients had the highest values among the glass materials examined, i.e., (mu, mu(m))(S6) < (mu, mu(m))(S5) < (mu, mu(m))(S4) < (mu, mu(m))(S3) < (mu, mu(m))(S2) < (mu, mu(m))(S1). The S1 glass sample exhibits the lowest values for half value layer (T-0.5) and mean free path (lambda) of all the examined glasses. Consequently, (T-0.5, lambda )(S6) > (T-0.5, lambda )(S5) > (T-0.5, lambda )(S4) > (T-0.5, lambda )(S3) > (T-0.5, lambda )(S2) > (T-0.5, lambda )(S1). The analyzed glasses' effective atomic numbers (Z(eff)) follow the same trend for mass and linear attenuation coefficients. Our results show that the values of exposure (EBF) and energy absorption (EABF) accumulation factors decreased with increasing Bi2O3 and lowering B2O3 reinforcement for all mean free path values (i.e., from 0.5 to 40 mfp). Results show that of all the glasses under study, the S1 glass sample has the best gamma-ray shielding properties.
