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    Designing of BiFe2O3@NiCoS@rGO nanocomposite electrode: A versatile platform for high-performance energy storage and electrolyte SIW/AN
    (Elsevier Ltd., 2025) Mümtaz, Muhammad Azhar; Afzal, Amir Muhammad; Waris, Muhammad Hamza; Ali, Muhammad; Iqbal, Muhammad Waqas; Alqarni, Areej S.; Issa, Shams A.M.; Zakaly, Hesham M.H.
    A comprehensive investigation of new materials and compositional modifications has made high-performance hybrid supercapacitor electrodes. This work mainly focuses on the synthesis of nickel cobalt sulfide (NiCoS) by hydrothermal methods and then adding bismuth ferrite (BiFe2O3) and the measurement of the electrochemical properties. The “salt in water” (SIW) solutions, which are super-concentrated aqueous electrolytes, enable a significant reduction in water activity and increase the electrochemical stability window, is utilized. The electrochemical analysis is performed using the two and three-electrode systems. The BiFe2O3@NiCoS@rGO electrode attained a noteworthy maximum capacity (Qs) of 393.7 mAhg−1 in a three-electrode assembly. The BiFe2O3@NiCoS@rGO//A.C showed a considerable Qs of 52.3 mAh/g, an improved energy density (Ed) of 79.2 W h kg−1, and a high power density (Pd) of 2.2 kW kg−1 in two electrode systems. The device has undergone extensive testing, with up to 5000 cycles, and has demonstrated an exceptional capacity retention rate of 88.2 %. Based on these intriguing findings, the BiFe2O3@NiCoS@rGO nano-composite displays immense promise for developing electrodes in advanced hybrid supercapacitors. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.