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    Correction: The long and short non-coding RNAs modulating EZH2 signaling in cancer (Journal of Hematology & Oncology, (2022), 15, 1, (18), 10.1186/s13045-022-01235-1)
    (BioMed Central Ltd, 2022) Mirzaei, Sepideh; Gholami, Mohammad Hossein; Hushmandi, Kiavash; Hashemi, Farid; Zabolian, Amirhossein; Canadas, Israel; Zarrabi, Ali; Nabavi, Noushin; Aref, Amir Reza; Crea, Francesco; Wang, Yuzhuo; Ashrafizadeh, Milad; Kumar, Alan Prem
    The original article [1] contained an error in co-author, Farid Hashemi’s name which has since been corrected. © 2022, The Author(s).
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    The long and short non-coding RNAs modulating EZH2 signaling in cancer
    (2022) Mirzaei, Sepideh; Gholami, Mohammad Hossein; Hushmandi, Kiavash; Hshemi, Farid; Zabolian, Amirhossein; Canadas, Israel; Zarrabi, Ali; Nabavi, Noushin; Aref, Amir Reza; Crea, Francesco; Wang, Yuzhuo; Ashrafizadeh, Milad; Kumar, Alan Prem
    Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a large family of RNA molecules with no capability in encoding proteins. However, they participate in developmental and biological processes and their abnormal expression affects cancer progression. These RNA molecules can function as upstream mediators of different signaling pathways and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is among them. Briefly, EZH2 belongs to PRCs family and can exert functional roles in cells due to its methyltransferase activity. EZH2 affects gene expression via inducing H3K27me3. In the present review, our aim is to provide a mechanistic discussion of ncRNAs role in regulating EZH2 expression in different cancers. MiRNAs can dually induce/inhibit EZH2 in cancer cells to affect downstream targets such as Wnt, STAT3 and EMT. Furthermore, miRNAs can regulate therapy response of cancer cells via affecting EZH2 signaling. It is noteworthy that EZH2 can reduce miRNA expression by binding to promoter and exerting its methyltransferase activity. Small-interfering RNA (siRNA) and short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) are synthetic, short ncRNAs capable of reducing EZH2 expression and suppressing cancer progression. LncRNAs mainly regulate EZH2 expression via targeting miRNAs. Furthermore, lncRNAs induce EZH2 by modulating miRNA expression. Circular RNAs (CircRNAs), like lncRNAs, affect EZH2 expression via targeting miRNAs. These areas are discussed in the present review with a focus on molecular pathways leading to clinical translation.
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    Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in pancreatic cancer progression
    (Elsevier Science, 2022) Ashrafizadeh, Milad; Rabiee, Navid; Prem Kumar, Alan; Sethi, Gautam; Zarrabi, Ali; Wang, Yuzhuo
    Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA molecules involved in gene regulation at transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic levels. lncRNAs participate in regulating apoptosis and autophagy in pancreatic cancer (PCa) and can promote and/or decrease the proliferation rate of tumor cells. The metastasis of PCa cells is tightly regulated by lncRNAs and they can affect the mechanism of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to modulate metastasis. The drug resistance of PCa cells, especially to gemcitabine, can be affected by lncRNAs. In addition, lncRNAs enriched in exosomes can be transferred among tumor cells to regulate their proliferation and metastasis. Antitumor compounds, such as curcumin and ginsenosides, can regulate lncRNA expression in PCa therapy. As we discuss here, the expression level of lncRNAs can be considered as both a diagnostic and prognostic tool in patients with PCa. Teaser: We discuss the role of long noncoding RNAs in the proliferation, invasion, and therapy response of pancreatic cancer cells, evaluating their prognostic and diagnostic functions in the clinical course of this disease.
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    Micelle-engineered nanoplatforms for precision oncology
    (Elsevier science, 2024) Gao, Wei; Bigham, Ashkan; Ghomi, Matineh; Zarrabi, Ali; Rabiee, Navid; Saeb, Mohammad Reza; Ertaş, Yavuz Nuri; Goel, Arul; Sharifi, Esmaeel; Ashrafizadeh, Milad; Sethi, Gautam; Tambuwala, Murtaza M.; Wang, Yuzhuo; Ghaffarlou, Mohammadreza; Jiao, Taiwei
    The alliance between nanomaterials and cancer therapy has revolutionized the treatment of tumor patients. After cardiovascular diseases, cancer is the leading cause of death, so interdisciplinary approaches should be used for the treatment of this malignant disease. Both treatment and early diagnosis of cancer are challenging. The micelles belong to lipid-based nanostructures, and they have a hydrophobic core with hydrophilic head regions. The current review article focuses on the application of micelles in cancer suppression. The micelles can provide a platform for co-delivery of non-coding RNAs and RNAi in cancer gene therapy. Both synthetic and natural
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    Molecular landscape of LncRNAs in prostate cancer: A focus on pathways and therapeutic targets for intervention
    (PMC, 2022) Mirzaei, Sepideh; Abad Paskeh, Mahshid Deldar; Okina, Elena; Gholami, Mohammad Hossein; Hushmandi, Kiavash; Hashemi, Mehrdad; Kalu , Azuma; Zarrabi, Ali; Nabav, Noushin; Rabiee, Navid; Sharifi, Esmaeel; Karimi-Maleh, Hassan; Ashrafizadeh, Milad; Kumar, Alan Prem; Wang, Yuzhuo
    Background: One of the most malignant tumors in men is prostate cancer that is still incurable due to its heterog? enous and progressive natures. Genetic and epigenetic changes play signifcant roles in its development. The RNA molecules with more than 200 nucleotides in length are known as lncRNAs and these epigenetic factors do not encode protein. They regulate gene expression at transcriptional, post-transcriptional and epigenetic levels. LncRNAs play vital biological functions in cells and in pathological events, hence their expression undergoes dysregulation. Aim of review: The role of epigenetic alterations in prostate cancer development are emphasized here. Therefore, lncRNAs were chosen for this purpose and their expression level and interaction with other signaling networks in prostate cancer progression were examined. Key scientifc concepts of review: The aberrant expression of lncRNAs in prostate cancer has been well-docu? mented and progression rate of tumor cells are regulated via afecting STAT3, NF-?B, Wnt, PI3K/Akt and PTEN, among other molecular pathways. Furthermore, lncRNAs regulate radio-resistance and chemo-resistance features of prostate tumor cells. Overexpression of tumor-promoting lncRNAs such as HOXD-AS1 and CCAT1 can result in drug resistance. Besides, lncRNAs can induce immune evasion of prostate cancer via upregulating PD-1. Pharmacological compounds such as quercetin and curcumin have been applied for targeting lncRNAs. Furthermore, siRNA tool can reduce expression of lncRNAs thereby suppressing prostate cancer progression. Prognosis and diagnosis of prostate tumor at clinical course can be evaluated by lncRNAs. The expression level of exosomal lncRNAs such as lncRNA-p21 can be investigated in serum of prostate cancer patients as a reliable biomarker