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    CO2 reduction in a common rail direct injection engine using the combined effect of low carbon biofuels, hydrogen and a post combustion carbon capture system
    (Taylor & Francis, 2021) Varuvel, Edwin Geo; Thiyagarajan, S.; Sonthalia, Ankit; Prakash, T.; Awad, Sary; Aloui, Fethi; Pugazhendhi, Arivalagan
    The transportation sector is a major emitter of carbon dioxide emissions. It is a known fact that carbon dioxide is the cause of global warming which has resulted in extreme weather conditions as well as climate change. In this study a combination of different methods of expediting the CO2 emission from a single cylinder common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine has been explored. The methods include use of low carbon content biofuels (lemon peel oil (LPO) and camphor oil (CMO), inducing hydrogen in the intake manifold and zeolite based after-treatment system. Initial engine operation with the low carbon content biofuel blends resulted in reduced smoke and CO2 emissions. Substitution of the blends with hydrogen further assisted in decrease in emission and improvement in engine efficiency. Later on in the exhaust pipe an after-treatment system containing zeolite was placed. The emissions were found to reduce even further and at full load condition the lowest CO2 (39.7% reduction) and smoke (49% reduction) emissions were observed with LPO blend and hydrogen induction. The NO emission with hydrogen induction increases for both the blends, however, it was seen that the zeolite based treatment system was effective in reducing the emission as well. As compared to baseline diesel, the maximum reduction in NO emission was 23% at full load with LPO blend, hydrogen induction and after-treatment system.
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    Effect of hydrogen on compression-ignition (CI) engine fueled with vegetable oil/biodiesel from various feedstocks: A review
    (Elsevier Ltd., 2022) Thiyagarajan, S.; Varuvel, EdwinGeo; Karthickeyan, V.; Sonthalia, Ankit; Kumar, Gopalakrishnan; Saravanan, C.G.; Dhinesh, B.; Pugazhendhi, Arivalagan
    Compression ignition (CI) engines used in the transportation sector operates on fossil diesel and is one of the biggest causes of air pollution. Numerous studies were carried out over last two decades to substitute the fossil diesel with biofuels so that the net carbon dioxide (CO2) emission can be minimized. However, the engine performance with these fuel was sub-standard and there were many long-term issues. Therefore, many researchers inducted hydrogen along with the biofuels. The present study gives an outlook on the effect of hydrogen addition with biodiesel/vegetable oil from various sources in CI engine. Engine parameters (brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption), combustion parameters (in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate) and emission parameters (unburned hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and smoke emissions) were evaluated in detail. The results show that hydrogen induction in general improves the engine performance as compared to biodiesel/vegetable oil but it is similar/lower than diesel. Except NOx emissions all other emissions showed a decreasing trend with hydrogen addition. To counter this effect numerous after-treatment systems like selective catalytic reduction (SCR), exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), selective non-catalytic reduction system (SNCR) and non-selective catalytic reduction system (NSCR) were proposed by researchers which were also studied in this review.
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    Some studies on reducing carbon dioxide emission from a CRDI engine with hydrogen and a carbon capture system
    (Elsevier, 2022) Varuvel, Edwin Geo; Thiyagarajan, S.; Sonthalia, A.; Prakash, T.; Awad, S.; Aloui, F.
    The increased use of fossil fuels in the transportation sector has led to an exponential rise of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The carbon dioxide (CO2) is the major cause of global warming resulting in climate change and extreme weather conditions. This study explores the ways of reducing the CO2 emission from the exhaust of a common rail engine. The reduction in CO2 emissions were achieved by a combination of methods. It includes the use of low carbon biofuels (cedarwood oil (CWO), and wintergreen oil (WGO)), induction of zero-carbon, hydrogen in the intake manifold and a zeolite-based after-treatment system. In diesel, CWO and WGO were blended 20% by volume and experiments were conducted at different load conditions. The results shows that 20% blending of winter green oil resulted in maximum CO2 reduction of 20% as compared to diesel. The emission was further reduced with the induction of hydrogen along with the after-treatment system. It is seen that a maximum of 54% reduction in CO2 emission could be achieved with the combination for WGO in comparison to diesel without much affecting the other emissions and performance parameters. © 2021 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC