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    Gene regulation by antisense transcription: a focus on neurological and cancer diseases
    (Science Direct, 2022) Najaf, Sajad; Tan, Shing Cheng; Raee, Pourya; Rahmati, Yazdan; Asemani, Yahya; Lee, E. Hui Clarissa; Hushmandi, Kiavash; Aref, Amir Reza
    Advances in high-throughput sequencing over the past decades have led to the identification of thousands of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which play a major role in regulating gene expression. One emerging class of ncRNAs is the natural antisense transcripts (NATs), the RNA molecules transcribed from the opposite strand of a protein-coding gene locus. NATs are known to concordantly and discordantly regulate gene expression in both cis and trans manners at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and epigenetic levels. Aberrant expression of NATs can therefore cause dysregulation in many biological pathways and has been observed in many genetic diseases. This review outlines the involvements and mechanisms of NATs in the pathogenesis of various diseases, with a special emphasis on neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. We also summarize recent findings on NAT knockdown and/or overexpression experiments and discuss the potential of NATs as promising targets for future gene therapies.
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    Nanotechnological approaches in prostate cancer therapy: Integration of engineering and biology
    (Elsevier B.V., 2022) Ashrafizadeh, Milad; Aghamiri, Shahin; Tan, Shing Cheng; Zarrabi, Ali; Sharifi, Esmaeel
    Nanocarriers have received special attention in biomedicine for the treatment of various diseases, especially cancer, as one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Nanocarriers can improve the potential of contemporary strategies in cancer therapy and also provide new methods for diagnosis and biosensing. The present review focuses on the biomedical application of nanocarriers in the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa), one of the most common urological cancers in men. The chemotherapeutic and radiotherapeutic potentials in PCa may be improved using nanocarriers by providing targeted drug delivery and inducing PCa cells' sensitivity via induction of cell death. Delivery of nucleic acid drugs such as siRNA, shRNA and CRISPR/Cas9 system by nanocarriers in PCa therapy enhances the intracellular accumulation of these therapeutics and increases their efficacy in gene expression regulation. The high proliferation rate and metastasis of PCa cells result in poor prognosis. They may be dually suppressed by nanocarriers, as nanoplatforms facilitate co-delivery of drugs and gene therapeutics in PCa suppression. Selectivity toward PCa cells may be enhanced via surface modification of the nanocarriers to facilitate internalization via endocytosis. In addition to their applications for PCa treatment, nanocarriers mediate the detection of biomarkers for PCa diagnosis. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd