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Öğe An experimental evaluation of CdO/PbO-B2O3 glasses containing neodymium oxide: Structure, electrical conductivity, and gamma-ray resistance(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Zakaly, H.M.H.; Issa, S.A.M.; Tekin, Hüseyin Ozan; Badawi, A.; Saudi, H.A.; Henaish, A.M.A.; Rammah, Y.S.A comprehensive set of experimental measurements was carried out to investigate the influence of Nd3+ ions on the structure, electrical conductivity, and gamma-ray protection of CdO/PbO-B2O3 glasses containing neodymium oxide with the chemical formula 20CdO/20PbO/(60-x)B2O3/xNd2O3 (0 ? x ? 4 wt%) (5.034-5.232 g/cm3). Raman spectra have been obtained over a range of 1600-180 cm?1, and electrical conductivity (?) has been measured at frequencies of 0.120, 1, 10, and 100 KHz, as well as at other frequencies. In this study, gamma-ray attenuation has been studied at various gamma-ray energies (ranging from 0.081 to 2.614 MeV). The results revealed that the PbO in the investigated glass networks fills the interspaces of [BO3] units with Pb2+ ions, therefore serving as a network member. In general, it was found that (?) of the examined glasses falls as temperature increases, reaching its lowest value at the composition's transition temperature. Above this transition temperature, conductivity rises. Using 0.662 MeV, the studied samples exhibited experimental linear attenuation coefficients (?exp.) of 0.3369 cm?1, 0.3401 cm?1, 0.3434 cm?1, 0.3467 cm?1, and 0.3501 cm?1 (for the Nd-0.0, Nd-1.0, Nd-0.2, Nd-0.3, and Nd-4.0 glasses, respectively). With respect to the half value thickness (T1/2) and mean free path (?), the Nd-4.0 sample has the lowest values at all of the gamma-ray energies tested. According to these results, the Nd-4.0 glass sample exhibits higher attenuation capabilities against ionizing radiation when compared to the other samples. © 2022Öğe Fabrication of newly developed tungsten III-oxide glass family: Physical, structural, mechanical, radiation shielding effectiveness(Elsevier GmbH, 2022) Issa, Shams A.M.; Tekin, Hüseyin Ozan; Saudi, H.A.; Koubisy, M.S.I.; Zhukovsky, M.; Ali, Ahmed S.; Zakaly, Hesham M.H.A series of glasses based on the nominal composition of (Na2O)5 + (Al2O3)10 + (SiO2)(85+x)/2 + (CaO)(85+x)/2 + (WO3)x glasses system were produced utilizing the usual melt quenching process in this study. Experimental techniques and the FLUKA Monte Carlo algorithm were used to examine the properties of silicon-calcium glasses containing tungstate-III-oxide. For five glass structures identified according to (Na2O)5+(Al2O3)10+(SiO2)(85+x)/2+(CaO)(85+x)/2+(WO3)x (0 ?x ? 20 wt-%) glass composition, the impact of tungstate-III-oxide with ratios of (0 ?x ? 20 wtpercent) on radiation shielding characteristics of glasses was set. The densities of the produced glasses fluctuated between 2.847 g/cm3 and 3.122 g/cm3 when tungstate-III-oxide was substituted. The produced sample densities, which are important in assessing radiation shielding features, rose as the WO3 concentration increased, according to our first results. In addition, the structure of each sample was studied using FT-IR. FT-IR showed that when WO3 levels rose, the connection level increased, and the FT-IR spectra shifted to higher wavenumbers. The synthesis of WO3 in a glass matrix enhances the structural network by raising oxygen levels, which leads to the transition of SiO2 into - CaO. Elastic moduli and Ultrasonic velocities were found to rise as the ratio of WO3 in the generated samples increased. These two approaches were used to model linear and mass attenuation coefficients, photons-transmittance versus photon energy, radiation protection efficiency against photon energy, and absorber thickness (experimental and simulation). Based on the results, it can be stated that the w20 sample, which contains 20 wt%, will play the most effective function in radiation shielding. Increases in WO3 led in considerable increases in linear and mass attenuation coefficient values, which directly contribute to the development of the glass's radiation shielding characteristics. © 2022 Elsevier GmbHÖğe Shedding light on and comparing three different mathematical models of the optical conductivity concept(Elsevier Ltd., 2025) Alharshan, Gharam A.; Saudi, H.A.; Issa, Shams A.M.; Zakaly, Hesham M.H.; Gomaa, Hosam M.The optical response in materials offers valuable insights into their properties, especially regarding interband transitions, distinct from direct current responses. By adjusting the frequency of electromagnetic radiation, interband transitions and energy band mappings can be explored, even in materials like graphene. Optical conductivity, which measures a material's ability to conduct electricity under the influence of light, is pivotal across physics, materials science, and engineering. It quantifies a material's efficiency in absorbing and transporting electromagnetic energy as photons. Typically described by Drude's model, optical conductivity has applications in diverse fields, from designing specific optical properties in materials to optimizing solar cells and developing photonic devices. Plasmonics, meta-materials, and renewable energy research also benefit from understanding and controlling optical conductivity. The optical conductivity problem centers on comprehending materials’ electrical interactions with light across the optical spectrum, which is vital for various technologies. Theoretical models, simulations, and experiments address this problem, aiming to develop tunable materials and enhance theoretical models for accurate prediction of optical properties. Mathematical models, such as Maxwell's equations, the Lorentz-Drude model, and the Hosam-Heba model, elucidate optical conductivity, aiding in understanding light-material interactions and predicting material behavior under electromagnetic radiation. Each model offers a unique perspective on optical conductivity, with different theoretical foundations and mathematical formulations that can be applied depending on the specific properties of the material being studied. Understanding and manipulating optical conductivity is foundational to utilizing light across various technological applications. © 2024 Elsevier LtdÖğe Thermal and optical characteristics of synthesized sand/CeO2 glasses: Experimental approach(Springer, 2022) Henaish, A.M.A.; Zakaly, H.M.H.; Saudi, H.A.; Issa, S.A.M.; Tekin, Hüseyin Ozan; Hessein, M.M.; Rammah, Y.S.In this study, glass samples of composition 20PbO-20CaO-20Sand-(40 ? x)B2O3-xCeO2, where x = 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 in wt.% and sand = SiO2 (90.4%) + CaO (2.8%) + ZrO2 (2.3%) + Fe2O3 (2.1%), were fabricated via the ordinary melt quenching technique. The thermal and optical properties of the glasses were experimentally investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, which is measured as a function of temperature based on the difference in the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of a sample and reference. All glasses were found to be thermally stable up to 550°C. The glass transition temperature (Tg) varied from 211°C to 219°C, crystallization temperature (Tc) varied from 303°C to 310°C, and melting point (Tm) was 577°C. The values of the indirect optical energy band gaps (EOptical, Indirect) reduced from 2.63 eV to 2.28 eV, while the direct gaps (EOptical, Direct) reduced from 5.07 eV to 4.17 eV. Urbach’s energy (EU) was changed from 0.42 eV to 0.46 eV. The dielectric constant behaved similarly to the refractive index and absorption coefficient of the proposed glasses. The refractive index data were analyzed to obtain important optical information and the corresponding derivative electrical parameters, namely, the oscillator energy, dispersion energy, dielectric constant at high frequency, the dielectric loss, and the energy-loss functions. There was a remarkable increase in the optical conductivity (?opt) with increasing CeO2 content, with peaks appearing in all samples doped by CeO2 and reaching a peak maxima of about 2.72–3.10 eV. Volume energy loss (VELF) and surface energy loss (SELF) functions were increased with increasing CeO2 content, with a characteristic peak at around 3.47 eV for all proposed samples. © 2022, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society.
