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    Advances in phototheranostic agents: From imaging to targeted therapy
    (Elsevier Ltd., 2025) Samadzadeh, Meisam; Khosravi, Arezoo; Zarepour, Atefeh; Noei, Hadi; Sivakumar, Ponnurengam Malliappan; Iravani, Siavash; Zarrabi, Ali
    The recent evolution of phototheranostic agents represents a groundbreaking intersection of diagnostic imaging and targeted therapy, particularly in oncology. This review aims to elucidate the recent advances in phototheranostic agents, highlighting their dual functionality in imaging and targeted therapy. Despite significant progress, several challenges persist, including the optimization of agent specificity, light penetration in tissues, and the potential for off-target effects. The variability in tumor microenvironments presents a significant obstacle, complicating the development of universal phototheranostic agents. Moreover, concerns regarding the long-term stability, potential toxicity, and biocompatibility of these agents necessitate thorough evaluation and optimization. Notably, the complexity of designing nanoparticles that can effectively deliver both imaging and therapeutic modalities poses additional hurdles. Future perspectives in this field emphasize the need for innovative strategies to enhance agent stability, biocompatibility, and targeted delivery. Furthermore, ongoing research focuses on the development of novel light-based techniques and the exploration of combination therapies to improve treatment efficacy. By addressing these challenges, the potential of phototheranostic agents to transform personalized cancer therapy becomes increasingly promising. This review serves as a comprehensive overview of the current landscape, challenges, and future directions in phototheranostic research, ultimately aiming to inform and inspire further investigation in this dynamic field. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd
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    Design, Synthesis, and Comparison of PLA-PEG-PLA and PEG-PLA-PEG Copolymers for Curcumin Delivery to Cancer Cells
    (Mdpi, 2023) Rostami, Neda; Faridghiasi, Farzaneh; Ghebleh, Aida; Noei, Hadi; Samadzadeh, Meisam; Gomari, Mohammad Mahmoudi; Tajiki, Alireza
    Curcumin (CUR) has potent anticancer activities, and its bioformulations, including biodegradable polymers, are increasingly able to improve CUR's solubility, stability, and delivery to cancer cells. In this study, copolymers comprising poly (L-lactide)-poly (ethylene glycol)-poly (L-lactide) (PLA-PEG-PLA) and poly (ethylene glycol)-poly (L-lactide)-poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG-PLA-PEG) were designed and synthesized to assess and compare their CUR-delivery capacity and inhibitory potency on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Molecular dynamics simulations and free energy analysis indicated that PLA-PEG-PLA has a higher propensity to interact with the cell membrane and more negative free energy, suggesting it is the better carrier for cell membrane penetration. To characterize the copolymer synthesis, Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-1-NMR) were employed, copolymer size was measured using dynamic light scattering (DLS), and their surface charge was determined by zeta potential analysis. Characterization indicated that the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) reaction was optimal for synthesizing high-quality polymers. Microspheres comprising the copolymers were then synthesized successfully. Of the two formulations, PLA-PEG-PLA experimentally exhibited better results, with an initial burst release of 17.5%, followed by a slow, constant release of the encapsulated drug up to 80%. PLA-PEG-PLA-CUR showed a significant increase in cell death in MCF-7 cancer cells (IC50 = 23.01 & PLUSMN; 0.85 & mu;M) based on the MTT assay. These data were consistent with gene expression studies of Bax, Bcl2, and hTERT, which showed that PLA-PEG-PLA-CUR induced apoptosis more efficiently in these cells. Through the integration of nano-informatics and in vitro approaches, our study determined that PLA-PEG-PLA-CUR is an optimal system for delivering curcumin to inhibit cancer cells.