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    Biocompatibility and toxicity challenges of nanomaterials
    (Elsevier, 2024) Yaşayan, Gökçen; Alarçin, Emine; Avcı Adalı, Meltem; İpek, Tuba Çanak; Nejati, Omid; Özcan Bülbül, Ece; Karslı, Seher; Öztürk, Ayça Bal; Mostafavi, Ebrahim
    Cancer is one of the most challenging diseases to treat and is one of the leading reasons for human death worldwide. In cancer research, nanomaterials are evaluated as an encouraging system due to their promising properties, consisting of nanoscale sizes and chemical and physical configurations that can be functionalized for the final application. Although much effort has been extended to efficient cancer research, the biocompatibility and toxicity of nanomaterials remain the main challenges. Cellular reactions are correlated with the physicochemical characteristics of nanomaterials. There are several structural parameters on which nanotoxicological reactions depend, such as size, charge, surface chemistry, and morphology. Notably, understanding the challenges is highly desirable to take full advantage of the benefits provided by nanomaterials. Therefore, this chapter covers the latest biocompatibility and toxicity findings from cancer studies using nanomaterials. Moreover, this chapter demonstrates the experiences learned and challenges faced by a group of leading scientists in this discipline. Also, it covers the physical, chemical, and biological strategies to make nanomaterials more biocompatible and nontoxic.
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    Biogenic synthesis of novel nanomaterials and their applications
    (Royal Soc Chemistry, 2023) Chormey, Dotse Selali; Zaman, Buse Tugba; Borahan Kustanto, Tuelay; Erarpat Bodur, Sezin; Bodur, Sueleyman; Tekin, Zeynep; Nejati, Omid
    Despite the many benefits derived from the unique features and practicality of nanoparticles, the release of their toxic by-products or products from the synthesis stage into the environment could negatively impact natural resources and organisms. The physical and chemical methods for nanoparticle synthesis involve high energy consumption and the use of hazardous chemicals, respectively, going against the principles of green chemistry. Biological methods of synthesis that rely on extracts from a broad range of natural plants, and microorganisms, such as fungi, bacteria, algae, and yeast, have emerged as viable alternatives to the physical and chemical methods. Nanoparticles synthesized through biogenic pathways are particularly useful for biological applications that have high concerns about contamination. Herein, we review the physical and chemical methods of nanoparticle synthesis and present a detailed overview of the biogenic methods used for the synthesis of different nanoparticles. The major points discussed in this study are the following: (1) the fundamentals of the physical and chemical methods of nanoparticle syntheses, (2) the use of different biological precursors (microorganisms and plant extracts) to synthesize gold, silver, selenium, iron, and other metal nanoparticles, and (3) the applications of biogenic nanoparticles in diverse fields of study, including the environment, health, material science, and analytical chemistry. Synthesis of nanoparticles of different shapes and sizes using biological precursors and their applications.
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    Biosensor integrated brain-on-a-chip platforms: Progress and prospects in clinical translation
    (Elsevier Advanced Technology, 2023) Cecen, Berivan; Saygili, Ecem; Zare, Iman; Nejati, Omid; Khorsandi, Danial; Zarepour, Atefeh; Alarcin, Emine
    Because of the brain's complexity, developing effective treatments for neurological disorders is a formidable challenge. Research efforts to this end are advancing as in vitro systems have reached the point that they can imitate critical components of the brain's structure and function. Brain-on-a-chip (BoC) was first used for microfluidics-based systems with small synthetic tissues but has expanded recently to include in vitro simulation of the central nervous system (CNS). Defining the system's qualifying parameters may improve the BoC for the next generation of in vitro platforms. These parameters show how well a given platform solves the problems unique to in vitro CNS modeling (like recreating the brain's microenvironment and including essential parts like the blood-brain barrier (BBB)) and how much more value it offers than traditional cell culture systems. This review provides an overview of the practical concerns of creating and deploying BoC systems and elaborates on how these technologies might be used. Not only how advanced biosensing technologies could be integrated with BoC system but also how novel approaches will automate assays and improve point-of-care (PoC) diagnostics and accurate quantitative analyses are discussed. Key challenges providing opportunities for clinical translation of BoC in neurodegenerative disorders are also addressed.
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    Microwave-assisted hydrothermal green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles incorporated with hyaluronic acid methacrylate/gelatin methacrylate hydrogels for wound healing applications
    (Wiley, 2024) Nejati, Omid; Tisli, Busra; Yasayan, Gokcen; Zaman, Buse Tugba; Torkay, Gulsah; Donmez, Mustafa; Kayin, Inci
    Wound healing is a topic of significant interest in current times, owing to the escalating incidence of chronic diseases associated with impaired healing, as well as the growing number of elderly individuals within the population. Amongst the various approaches for fabrication of wound healing dressings, the utilization of selenium-based nanoparticles has garnered considerable attention due to selenium's numerous advantages, including antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. With this perspective, we focused on the fabrication and characterization of hydrogels incorporated with selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs). In this work, we have developed a microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis strategy for synthesis of the SeNPs that employ non-toxic precursors, thereby reducing the risk of environmental toxicity and providing a cost-effective alternative to conventional chemical and hydrothermal methods. Subsequently, we have successfully incorporated SeNPs into hyaluronic acid methacrylate/gelatin methacrylate-based hydrogels. Hyaluronic acid and gelatin are selected to support the healing process further, and these polymers are methacrylated in order to further control mechanical properties of the hydrogel and improve the stability of the dressing. The nanoparticles and the nanoparticle-incorporated hydrogels were characterized by various techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering instruments. Mechanical behaviors, swelling and degradation properties of the dressings were evaluated. Afterwards, we have conducted cell culture studies with SeNPs-loaded hydrogels to determine the efficacy of SeNPs in wound healing. According to experimental findings, in vitro scratch assay suggests that a hydrogel dressing containing SeNPs (HG-SeNp2) support the cell migration more compared to other samples incorporated with nanoparticles and to the control study at 24 h, and the wound closure percentage was found to be statistically significant compared with the control study. This dressing hold promise as effective wound dressings that can facilitate and expedite the process of wound healing.
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    Synthesis of calcium phosphate nanomaterial from quail eggshell for cadmium removal from wastewater and its genotoxic/cytotoxic properties
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Demir, Cansu; Bakırdere, Bengisu Ece; Zaman, Buse Tuğba; Öner, Miray; Bozyiğit, Gamze Dalgıç; Ergenler, Ayşegül; Turan, Funda; Nejati, Omid; Öztürk, Ayça Bal; Çetin, Gülten; Bakırdere, Sezgin
    In recent years, pollutants released into the environment from various sources threaten environmental health. Rapid industrialization and the constantly increasing needs of people facilitate the release of more hazardous wastes into the ecosystem. The presence of pollutants in water resources causes a wide range of adverse effects. In this study, calcium phosphate nanomaterial (Ca3(PO4)2 NM) was synthesized from biological waste eggshells for the cadmium removal in synthetic domestic wastewater, and a treatment method was developed using these NMs. The Ca3(PO4)2 NMs were produced by using a biowaste which provides the synthesis procedure greener approach. The biogenic NMs were used to remove toxic cadmium ions from wastewater samples. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity studies of the synthesized NMs were also carried out, and their possible effects on the health of living organisms and the ecology were examined. In the developed method, the parameters affecting the removal of cadmium from wastewater samples were optimized and the removal efficiency was calculated by determining cadmium in a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer system (FAAS). Synthetic domestic wastewater samples were utilized for evaluating the applicability of the developed treatment strategy. In addition, the adsorption capacity of the material for Cd2+ ion was calculated and the values obtained were modeled by using Langmuir adsorption isotherm (LAI). The calculated LAI parameters were within the appropriate limits, which proved that the developed NM can be used as an effective material for cadmium removal. Moreover, a new, rapid, and feasible synthesis strategy for the synthesis of Ca3(PO4)2 NM was presented in the literature. Graphical abstract: (Figure presented.) © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.
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    Tackling chronic wound healing using nanomaterials: advancements, challenges, and future perspectives
    (Elsevier, 2023) Yasayan, Gokcen; Nejati, Omid; Ceylan, Asli F.; Karasu, Cimen; Ugur, Pelin Kelicen; Bal-Ozturk, Ayca; Zarepour, Atefeh
    Chronic wounds are known as one of the biggest health challenges, especially in the case of diabetes patients, which annually engages millions of patients, and its management imposes an exorbitant economic cost on so-cieties worldwide. Therefore, there is an unmet need to find novel therapeutic methods with lower costs and higher efficiency. In recent years, a wide range of nanomaterials (NMs) has been utilized and shown promising results in treating different types of chronic wounds via playing a vital role as carriers for therapeutic agents or directly act as the therapeutic compound. NMs could affect different phases of the healing process, from he-mostasis to remodeling, via influencing various intracellular factors. Towards this, the current review aims to provide the most recent research progress and prospect on the application of different NMs in chronic wound healing, particularly focusing on their effects on intracellular factors. The chronic wounds and intracellular pathways involved in this process are elaborated, and several NMs-based therapeutic agents used for chronic wound healing are described. The potential pitfalls and challenges of utilizing NMs in chronic wound healing are covered, and future perspectives toward more successful translational applications are presented.