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    Effects of Size of Decision-making Units on Allocating Fixed Costs in Supply Chains
    (Materials and Energy Research Center, 2024) Emami L. a; Lotfi, F. Hosseinzadeh; Rostami-Malkhalifeha M.
    In the modern world, effective and successful supply chain management is among the most significant strategies for all organizations and public/private companies. Nowadays, recommending new tools and attitudes to improve supply chain efficiency is a challenging topic in organizational management. Another important goal of organizational management is to allocate costs logically and conveniently. Even though there are numerous studies on fixed costs and many tools for addressing this issue, data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a powerful technique for fair allocation. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the allocation of fixed costs in four-level supply chains using DEA models. The proposed model was examined by implementing a common set of weights and cost allocations according to the size of the decision-making unit. Additionally, the goal programming technique was applied to minimize the deviation between efficient allocation and size-based allocation. The proposed model is linear and provides a unique fixed allocation for each stage of the supply chain. Given that this model is always feasible, it can always provide an optimal allocation for each stage of the supply chain in different industries. In this paper, we focused on the allocation of personnel costs in a cement supply chain in Iran. The results show that the allocation amount to the customer stage (fourth stage) of the supply chain is much higher than other stages and the lowest allocation is obtained in the supplier stage (first stage). ©2024 The author(s).
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    Efficiency analysis in bi-level on fuzzy input and output
    (Elsevier inc., 2025) Ghaziyani, Kh; Lotfi, F. Hosseinzadeh; Kordrostami, Sohrab; Amirteimoori, Alireza
    To enhance the conventional framework of data envelope analysis (DEA), a novel hybrid bi-level model is proposed, integrating fuzzy logic with triangular fuzzy numbers to effectively address data uncertainty. This model innovatively departs from the traditional DEA's 'black box' approach by incorporating inter-organizational relationships and the internal dynamics of decision-making units (DMUs). Utilizing a modified Russell's method, it provides a nuanced efficiency analysis in scenarios of ambiguous data. The study aims to enhance the accuracy and applicability of Data Envelopment Analysis in uncertain data environments. To achieve this, a novel hybrid bi-level model integrating fuzzy logic is presented. Validated through a case study involving 15 branches of a private Iranian bank, the model demonstrates improved accuracy in efficiency assessments and paves the way for future research in operational systems uncertainty management. The results indicated that, among the 15 branches of a private Iranian bank analyzed for the year 2022, branches 1, 10, and 11 demonstrated leader-level efficiency, while branch 3 exhibited follower-level efficiency, and branch 1 achieved overall efficiency. These branches attained an efficiency rating of E++, signifying a high level of efficiency within the model's parameters.
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    Solving fully linear programming problem based on Z-numbers
    (Univ Sistan & Baluchestan, 2023) Joghataee, M.; Allahviranloo, T.; Lotfi, F. Hosseinzadeh; Ebrahimnejad, A.; Abbasbandy, S.; Amirteimoori, A.; Catak, M.
    Generally exploring the exact solution of linear programming problems in which all variables and parameters are Znumbers, is either not possible or difficult. Therefore, a few numerical methods to find the numerical solutions do act an important role in these problems. In this paper, we concentrate on introducing a new numerical method to solve such problems based on the ranking function. After proving the necessary theories, for more illustrations and the correctness of the topic, some theoretical and practical examples are also provided. Finally, the results obtained from the proposed method have been compared with some existing methods.