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    O/W microemulsion and hydrogel formulation of methotrexate and comparison of releasing studies.
    (Marmara Univ, 2023) Alparslan, Abdullah Levent; Karasulu, Ercument; Turkyilmaz, Gulbeyaz Yildiz; Uvey, Dogan
    Microemulsions are ideal carriers for poorly soluble substances. They increase the absorption of drugs with low bioavailability. Methotrexate (MTX), which is used internally in cancer and psoriasis and has many side effects and it is less soluble in water and its passage through the skin is problematic due to its high molecular weight. An O/W microemulsion formulation containing MTX has been developed in order to reduce the side effects of the drug, not to have a first pass effect on the liver, to increase its bioavailability in topical use and to provide ease of use to patients. The releasing profiles of the gel formulation, prepared by reducing the fluidity of these formulations by polymers, were investigated through the nylon membrane. Mostly W/O microemulsion systems are available due to design of preparations but in this study O/W microemulsions and gel forms containing MTX were designed for topical use. Innovation side of trials will inspire in vivo studies and clinical studies that may cause less harm to patients dermatologically and provide optimal effect.
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    Sodium hyaluronate dry powder inhalation in combination with sodium cromoglycate prepared using optimized spray drying conditions
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Turkyilmaz, Guelbeyaz Yildiz; Ozdokur, Kemal Volkan; Alparslan, Levent; Karasulu, Ercument
    Sodium hyaluronate (SHA) is an anti-inflammatory and protective agent against bronchoconstriction, and sodium cromoglicate (SCG) prevents exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and inflammation. Based on the pharmacological properties of both substances, this study aimed to develop a dry powder inhaler (DPI) of SHA alone and in combination with SCG. The target of the study was to develop flowable formulations without any surfactants by using the spray drying method. To obtain respirable SHA and SCG:SHA particles, variables of the spray dryer, such as inlet temperature, atomized air flow, and feed solution, were changed. The particles 1-8 mu m in size were produced with high yield by spray drying and increasing the ethanol percentage of the feed solution (60%), which is the most remarkable parameter. After that, physicochemical characterizations were performed. The aerosol performance of DPI formulations prepared using lactose was evaluated using Handihaler (R) DPI. The fine particle fraction (FPF) was 36% for the SHA formulation, whereas it was 52 and 53% for SCG and SHA, respectively, in the SCG:SHA formulation. Consequently, both particles were produced reproducibly by spray drying, and inhaled SHA and SCG:SHA dry powder formulations were developed due to their high FPF and flowability with lactose.