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    Endocrine Adverse Events in Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Analysis
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025) Dökmetaş, Meriç; Muğlu, Harun; Özcan, Erkan; Bayram Kuvvet, Buket; Helvacı, Kaan; Kalacı, Ender; Kahraman, Seda; Aykan, Musa Barış; Çiçin, İrfan; Selçukbiricik, Fatih; Ölmez, Ömer Fatih; Bilici, Ahmet
    Background and Objectives: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer therapy, but their use is associated with a spectrum of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including endocrine disorders. This study aims to investigate the incidence, timing, treatment modalities, and impact of ICI-related endocrine side effects in cancer patients. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 139 cancer patients treated with ICIs between 2016 and 2022. Data regarding endocrine irAEs, including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, hypophysitis, and diabetes mellitus, were collected. The study examined the timing of irAE onset, management approaches, and the association between irAEs and treatment outcomes. Results: The most common endocrine irAE was hypothyroidism (65.5%), followed by hyperthyroidism (2.3%), hypophysitis (8.6%), and diabetes mellitus (0.7%). These disorders typically emerged within the first six months of ICI therapy. Most cases were managed conservatively or with hormone replacement therapy. Patients who developed endocrine irAEs exhibited a higher objective response rate (ORR) and clinical benefit rate (CBR) compared to those without irAEs. Conclusions: Endocrine dysfunction is a significant toxicity of ICI therapy. Early recognition, prompt diagnosis, and appropriate management are crucial to minimize their impact on patient health and quality of life. This study highlights the potential association between irAEs and improved clinical outcomes. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and identify predictive biomarkers for irAE development. © 2025 by the authors.
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    Real-world data on efficacy and safety of first-line alectinib treatment in advanced-stage, alk-positive non-small-cell lung cancer patients: A turkish oncology group study
    (Atypon, 2022) Hızal, Mutlu; Bilgin, Burak; Paksoy, Nail; Kılıçkap, Saadettin; Atcı, Muhammed Mustafa; Kahraman, Seda; Ayhan, Murat; Tural, Deniz; Yaman, Şebnem; Kutlu, Yasin; Korkmaz, Mustafa; Aksoy, Asude; Arak, Hacı; Korkmaz, Taner; Ak, Naziye; Akdeniz, Nadiye; Sakin, Abdullah; Fulden Yumuk, Perran
    Aims: In this multicenter study, the authors aimed to determine the real-life efficacy and safety of first-line alectinib. Materials & methods: This retrospective trial included advanced-stage, ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer patients who were treated with first-line alectinib in terms of ALK-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, regardless of previous chemotherapy. The co-primary end points were progression-free survival both for all patients and for the treatment-naive population. The secondary end points were overall response rate, overall survival, rate of CNS progression and safety. Results & conclusion: A total of 274 patients (n = 177 for treatment-naive patients) were enrolled in the study. The median progression-free survival was 26 and 28.8 months for all patients and the treatment-naive group, respectively. The overall response rate, CNS progression rate and 1-year overall survival ratio were 77.9, 12.4 and 77%. Alectinib is a highly effective therapy with a favorable safety profile.
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    Treatment outcomes and prognostic factors in patients with driver mutant non-small cell lung cancer and de novo brain metastases
    (Nature Portfolio, 2024) Kahraman, Seda; Karakaya, Serdar; Kaplan, Muhammed Ali; Goksu, Sema Sezgin; Ozturk, Akin; Isleyen, Zehra Sucuoglu; Hamdard, Jamshid
    Central nervous system (CNS) metastases can be seen at a rate of 30% in advanced stages for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Growing evidence indicates the predictive roles of driver gene mutations in the development of brain metastases (BM) in recent years, meaning that oncogene-driven NSCLC have a high incidence of BM at diagnosis. Today, 3rd generation targeted drugs with high intracranial efficacy, which can cross the blood-brain barrier, have made a positive contribution to survival for these patients with an increased propensity to BM. It is important to update the clinical and pathological factors reflected in the survival with real-life data. A multi-center, retrospective database of 306 patients diagnosed with driver mutant NSCLC and initially presented with BM between between November 2008 and September 2022 were analyzed. The median progression-free survival (mPFS) was 12.25 months (95% CI, 10-14.5). While 254 of the patients received tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), 51 patients received chemotherapy as first line treatment. The median intracranial PFS (iPFS) was 18.5 months (95% CI, 14.8-22.2). The median overall survival (OS) was 29 months (95% CI, 25.2-33.0). It was found that having 3 or less BM and absence of extracranial metastases were significantly associated with better mOS and iPFS. The relationship between the size of BM and survival was found to be non-significant. Among patients with advanced NSCLC with de novo BM carrying a driver mutation, long-term progression-free and overall survival can be achieved with the advent of targeted agents with high CNS efficacy with more conservative and localized radiotherapy modalities.
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    Understanding of clinical trials among patients with cancer and their relatives
    (Amer medical assoc, 2025) Tolunay, Pinar Kubilay; Erol, Cihan; Kahraman, Seda; Tacar, Seher Yıldız; Özcan, Erkan; Basal, Fatma Buğdaycı; Köse, Fatih; Sendur, Mehmet Ali Nahit; Tural, Deniz; Çiçin, İrfan; Öksüzoğlu, Berna; Kılıçkap, Saadettin
    ImportanceClinical trials are vital for advancing cancer treatments and improving patient outcomes. Understanding the factors that influence participants' decision-making is critical for enhancing trial recruitment. ObjectiveTo evaluate the attitudes of patients with cancer and their relatives toward clinical trial participation, identifying key barriers and motivators that affect their willingness to engage in such trials. Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional survey study was conducted between April 2020 and April 2021. Face-to-face questionnaires were administered by physicians across 6 tertiary hospital medical oncology departments in Turkey. Adults with cancer and their relatives were recruited. Data were analyzed from April to December 2021. ExposureParticipants' knowledge, perceptions, and motivations regarding clinical trial participation were assessed through a structured questionnaire. Main Outcomes and MeasuresParticipants' demographic information, their willingness to participate in clinical trials, their perceptions about the clinical trial participation, and the facilitators and barriers to participation. ResultsA total of 978 participants were surveyed, with a median (range) age of 52 (18-82) years; 485 (49.6%) were male and 479 (49.0%) female. Of these, 578 (59.1%) were patients with cancer and 382 (39.1%) family members. Prior clinical trial experience was reported by 174 participants (17.8%), and 428 (43.8%) expressed a willingness to participate in clinical trials. Participants well-informed about clinical trials showed higher willingness (50 of 87 [57.5%] very willing) compared with those with no knowledge (27 of 303 [8.9%] very willing) (chi(2 )= 275.095; P < .001). Greater willingness was observed in participants from less developed cities compared with the most developed cities (88 of 321 [27.4%] vs 94 of 615 [15.3%]; chi(2 )= 21.093; P < .001), in individuals with a high school degree or greater compared with those with less than a high school degree (105 of 489 [21.5%] vs 76 of 452 [16.8%]; chi(2) = 33.311; P < .001), in those with monthly incomes above compared with below the poverty line (81 of 409 [19.8%] vs 100 of 512 [19.5%]; chi(2 ) = 16.145; P = .003), in those without prior cancer treatment compared with those with prior cancer treatment (125 of 591 [21.2%] vs 40 of 289 [13.8%]; chi(2 ) = 13.801; P = .008), and in participants with prior trial experience compared with those without (74 of 166 [44.6%] vs 111 of 786 [14.1%]; chi(2 )= 87.771; P < .001). Participants were motivated by potential personal health benefits (604 [61.8%]) and access to new treatments (522 [53.4%]). The primary concerns included potential adverse effects (555 [56.7%]), feeling like a "test subject" (284 [29.0%]), and the risk of receiving a placebo (197 [20.1%]). Conclusions and RelevanceIn this survey study of patients with cancer and their relatives, significant gaps in knowledge and persistent concerns about clinical trial safety were highlighted, impacting participation. Addressing these concerns through targeted education and transparent communication is essential for improving participation rates and ensuring more inclusive cancer research.