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    A spin-polarized analysis of the half-metallicity, mechanical, structural and optoelectronic attributes of full-Heusler XVCo2 (X = B and P) alloys
    (Royal Society of Chemistry, 2024) Firdous, Faiza; Ain, Quratul; Issa, Shams A. M.; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Munir, Junaid
    Cobalt-based Heusler alloys possess high Curie temperatures with half-metallic characteristics, which make them excellent candidates for spintronic applications. These types of Heusler alloys are perfect for the fabrication of magnetic sensors and memory-based devices. Herein, an in-depth first principles analysis of the physical attributes of XVCo2 (X = B and P) was performed. The mBJ functional was employed to treat electron-ion interaction within their crystal structures. The crystal structure of XVCo2 (X = B and P) was optimized, and relaxation parameters for both alloys were analyzed. Their ground-state energies at minimum volume were also computed. The Thomas Charpin methodology was employed to compute elastic constants for XVCo2 (X = B and P), and mechanical properties of both alloys were obtained. For both alloys, metallic behavior was recorded in spin up channels, while indirect bandgaps of 0.38 eV and 1.73 eV were calculated in spin down channels for BVCo2 and PVCo2, respectively. Both studied alloys showed 100% polarization at the Fermi level. Furthermore, their bonding character was analyzed via electron density plots. The optical characteristic obtained from a complex dielectric equation revealed higher dispersion in the visible range for BVCo2 and PVCo2, making these materials excellent candidates for spintronics and optoelectronic devices. © 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
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    Calculation of NaI(Tl) detector efficiency using Ra-226, Th-232, and K-40 radioisotopes: Three-phase Monte Carlo simulation study
    (DE GRUYTER POLAND SP Z O O, 2022) Tekin, Hüseyin Ozan; Almisned, Ghada; Issa, Shams A. M.; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Kılıç, Gökhan; Ene, Antoaneta
    Thallium-activated sodium iodide (NaI(Tl)) detectors can be used in gamma cameras, environmental radiation assessments, including radiation emission levels from nuclear reactors, and radiation analysis equipment. This three-phase investigation aimed to model a standard NaI(Tl) detector using the Monte Carlo N-Particle eXtended (MCNPX) general-purpose Monte Carlo simulation techniques. Accordingly, a standard NaI(Tl) detector was designed along with the required properties. Next a validation study of the modelled NaI(Tl) detector has been performed based on the experimental results for absolute detector efficiency values obtained from Ra-226, Th-232, and K-40 radioisotopes. Our findings indicate that the obtained absolute detector efficiency values are quite close to used experimental values. Finally, we used the modelled detector for determination of mass attenuation coefficients of Ordinary concrete, Lead, Hematite-serpentine concrete, and Steel-scrap concrete at 186.1, 295.22, 351.93, 609.31, 1120.29, 1764.49, 238.63, 911.2, 2614, and 1460.83 keV gamma-ray energies. Additionally, according to our findings, mass attenuation coefficients obtained from the newly designed detector are compatible with the standard NIST (XCOM) data. To conclude, continuous optimisation procedures are strongly suggested for sophisticated Monte Carlo simulations in order to maintain a high degree of simulation reliability. As a result, it can be concluded that the validation of the simulation model is necessary using measured data. Finally, it can also be concluded that the validated detector models are effective instruments for obtaining basic gamma-ray shielding parameters such as mass attenuation coefficients.
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    A comprehensive evaluation of the attenuation characteristics of some sliding bearing alloys under 0.015–15 meV gamma-ray exposure
    (MDPI, 2022) Algethami, Merfat; Ibraheem, Awad A.; Issa, Shams A. M.; Tekin, Hüseyin Ozan; Ene, Antoaneta; Pyshkina, Maria; Rashad, Mohamed; Almisned, Ghada; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.
    In this study, three different sliding bearing alloy samples were investigated in terms of their performance on attenuation characteristics and behavioral attitudes under 0.015–15 MeV gamma-ray exposure. Accordingly, different types of advanced calculation methods were utilized to calculate the radiation shielding parameters. Next, several gamma-ray shielding parameters and exposure rates in addition to fast neutron removal cross-section were determined. Furthermore, exposure and energy absorption buildup factors were determined by using G-P fitting method. Mass attenuation coefficients (MAC) values were recorded as 2.5246, 2.5703, and 2.5827 (cm2 /g) for Alloy1, Alloy2, and Alloy3 samples at 15 MeV photon energy, respectively. At 40 mfp, the highest EBF values were reported as 1,376,274, 1,003,593, and 969,373 for Alloy1, Alloy2, and Alloy3 samples. The results of this extended investigation showed that the Alloy3 sample with the highest Pb reinforcement amount has superior shielding capability among the investigated samples. It can be concluded from the results that substitution of Pb with Bi in the recent alloy structure has a monotonic effect on different types of shielding parameters. Therefore, it can also be concluded that Pb is a remarkable tool for the improvement of the shielding properties of studied alloy structures. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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    Comprehensive study of optical, thermal, and gamma-ray shielding properties of B2O3-SiO2-BeO- MgO-La2O3, glasses
    (Elsevier, 2024) Alsafi, Khalid; Aloraini, Dalal Abdullah; Almutairi, Haifa M.; Issa, Shams A. M.; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Shaaban, Kh S.
    The purpose of this work is to study the thermal, optical, structural, and radiation-shielding features of glass system with composition 57B2O3-16SiO2-11BeO- (16-x) MgO-xLa2O3, x = (0 <= x >= 16). The structural characteristics of glass samples are examined using XRD. This glass's molar volume decreased from 18.21 to 17.46 (cm3/mol), while its density increased from 3.213 to 5.967 g/cm3. Differential thermal analysis data were used to assess the thermal stability (Delta T) for BSLa samples. It was discovered that when the La2O3 amount increased, the glass stability increased. The optical band gap (Ediopt), (Eindi opt ) and Urbach's energy (Eu) were computed using UV absorption spectra. (Ediopt) decrease from 4.323 to 3.816 eV and (Eindiopt) decrease from 3.413 to 2.95 eV, whereas (Eu) increase from 0.278 to 0.324 as a result of the changes of borosilicate's structured caused by the addition of La2O3. The examined glasses may be utilized for non -linear optical applications, according to the high (n) and low metallization (M) values. The Phy-X tool was utilized to obtain (MAC), (LAC), and (Zeff) of the suggested glasses within the energies 0.015-15 MeV. The BSLa16 sample achieved the highest values of the (MAC), (LAC), and (Zeff). Consequently, BSLa16 is a good option for gamma-ray shielding applications.
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    Designing of High-Performance MnNiS@MXene Hybrid Electrode for Energy Storage and Photoelectrochemical Applications
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024) Ahmad, Maqsood; Imran, Muhammad; Afzal, Amir Muhammad; Ahsan ul Haq, Muhammad; Alqarni, Areej S.; Iqbal, Muhammad Waqas; Issa, Shams A. M.; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.
    The overconsumption of fossil fuels is leading to worsening environmental damage, making the generation of clean, renewable energy an absolute necessity. Two common components of electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices are batteries and supercapacitors (SCs), which are among the most promising answers to the worldwide energy issue. In this study, we introduce an exceptionally efficient electrode material for supercapacitors, composed of a hydrothermally synthesized composite known as MnNiS@MXene. We utilized XRD, SEM, and BET to analyze the material’s crystallinity, morphology, and surface area. The Qs of MnNiS@MXene was a remarkable 1189.98 C/g or 1983.3 F/g at 2 A/g under three electrode assemblies in 1 M KOH electrolyte solution. Activated carbon was used as the negative electrode, while MnNiS@MXene served as the positive electrode in the assembled supercapattery device (MnNiS@MXene//AC). This device showed exceptional performance, a specific capacity of 307.18 C/g, a power density of 1142.61 W/kg, and an energy density of 34.79 Wh/kg. Additionally, cyclic durability was evaluated through 7000 cycles of charging/discharging, demonstrating that it maintained approximately 87.57% of its original capacity. The successful integration of these materials can lead to electrodes with superior energy storage capabilities and efficient photoelectrochemical performance. The aforementioned findings suggest that MnNiS@MXene exhibits promising potential as an electrode material for forthcoming energy storage systems. © 2024 by the authors.
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    Diagnostic and therapeutic radioisotopes in nuclear medicine: Determination of gamma-ray transmission factors and safety competencies of high-dense and transparent glassy shields
    (DE GRUYTER POLAND SP Z O O, 2022) Erdemir, Rabiye Uslu; Kılıç, Gökhan; Baykal, Duygu Şen; Almisned, Ghada; Issa, Shams A. M.; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Ene, Antoaneta; Tekin, Hüseyin Ozan
    We present the findings of an extensive examination on newly designed CdO-rich and transparent glass shields for nuclear medicine facilities in lieu of traditional and unfavorable materials, such as lead and concrete. Gamma-ray transmission factors of newly designed glass shields are determined using a variety of diagnostic, therapeutic, and research radioisotopes, including Ga-67, Co-57, In-111, Tl-201, Tc-99m, Cr-51, I-131, Co-58, Cs-137, Ba-133, and Co-60. A general-purpose Monte Carlo code MCNPX (version 2.7.0) is used to determine the attenuation parameters of different material thicknesses. Next, the findings are compared using a standard concrete shielding material. The results indicate that adding more CdO to the glass composition improves the overall gamma-ray attenuation properties. As a result, among the heavy and transparent glasses developed, the C40 sample containing 40% CdO exhibited the best gamma-ray absorption properties against all radioisotopes. Furthermore, the gamma-ray absorption characteristics of this created high-density glass were shown to be better to those of a standard and heavy concrete sample. It can be concluded that the newly developed CdO-rich and transparent glass sample may be used in medical radiation fields where the radioisotopes examined are used in daily clinical and research applications.
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    Dysprosium-enriched polymer nanocomposites: Assessing radiation shielding and optical properties
    (Elsevier, 2024) Abulyazied, D. E.; Issa, Shams A. M.; Saudi, H. A.; Abomostafa, H. M.; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.
    This paper includes a comprehensive analysis of the radiation shielding, optical properties, and structural makeup of polymer composites that contain Dy2O3 additions. XRD-pattern investigates the effect of loading Dy2O3 content on PS, with the average crystallite size of Dy2O3 decreases from 39 nm to 30 nm as Dy2O3 increases from 2.5 to 7.5 wt% in the PS matrix. The optical properties of the nanocomposites showed that with the increase in the Dy2O3 content, the transmittance, as well as the direct and indirect band gap, decreased. The EIndirect bandgap decreased from 3.1 to 2.75 eV with a Dy2O3 increase from 0 to 7.5 wt%, while the Edirect g g Bandgap reduced from 4.6 to 4.35 eV. While the Urbach energy Eu and the refractive index increase, Eu rises from 0.48 to 0.60 e V, and n improves from 1.4 to 1.78 from 0 to 7.5 wt%. In order to conduct an accurate analysis of the gamma-ray attenuation capabilities of the selected new polymer composites, these composites were manufactured with varying proportions of the additive components. With the assistance of a Na(Tl) detector, experimental assessments were carried out on the gamma rays throughout a broad spectrum of photon energies, ranging from 81 keV up to 1416 keV. The sample encased in PS/Dy7.5 demonstrates excellent radiation attenuation, and it is important to note that this novel polymer shielding material does not include any hazardous components.
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    Effects of WO3 reinforcement on the properties of poly(lactic acid) composites for radiation shielding
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Issa, Shams A. M.; Alrowaily, Albandari W.; Abulyazied, D. E.; Ali, E. S.; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.
    During this work, efforts have been made to improve the gamma radiation shielding capabilities of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) by including tungsten trioxide (WO3). Simulations and theoretical analyses have been performed on the parameters of radiation shielding. They have been tested across a broad spectrum of energies, from 0.015 to 15 MeV. The values suggest that naturally occurring composites with a high WO3 content may be utilized to improve the gamma shielding properties of PLA/TO (TO & EQUIV;tungsten trioxide) composites for protection applications; such composites can be employed as a covering for the solar cells to prevent damage. The composite samples made of PLA and WO3 were analyzed for a range of photon energies. The results showed rise of considerable proportions in the values of linear attenuation coefficient (& mu;) and mass attenuation coefficient & mu;m at 0.08 MeV, due to the k-absorption edge of tungsten. In addition, & mu; and & mu;m for all samples at selected photon energy are increase as the WO3 content increases and decreases with increasing photon energy. The half value layer (T0.5) decreased as the WO3 content increased, with the highest values seen at 15 MeV and the lowest values at 15 keV. The behavior of the mean free path (& lambda;) was identical to T0.5 with regards to the amount of WO3 and the energy of the photon. The T0.5 values of the PLA-W7 were lower than other polymer materials, making it a more efficient material for filtering radiation. The Zeff values of the PLA/TO composite samples were the highest at 0.08 MeV and showed a trend of increasing with energy to 15 MeV. The exposure buildup factor (EBF) and energy absorption buildup factor EABF values were computed using the G-P fitting method and showed that the lowest values were presented for the PLA-W7. An increase in WO3 reinforcement in the PLA sample contributed to the decreased EBF-EABF values. The shielding parameters were determined through calculations done using both Phy-X/PSD and FLUKA, and the results from both are in good agreement with each other. The results of the study demonstrate the effectiveness of PLA-W7 as a material for radiation shielding.
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    Enhanced gamma-ray shielding capabilities of Bi-Se-Ge chalcogenide glasses: analytical and simulation insights
    (Institute of Physics, 2024) Issa, Shams A. M.; Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin; Badawi, Ali; Zakaly, Hesham M H
    This study investigates the gamma-ray shielding properties of Bi-Se-Ge chalcogenide glasses using advanced computational tools. The Phy-X/PSD and FLUKA programs were utilized to determine critical shielding parameters such as linear attenuation coefficient ( G LAC ), mass attenuation coefficient ( G MAC ), half-value layer ( G HVL ), mean free path ( G MFP ), and effective atomic number ( Z eff ). Our findings reveal that these glasses exhibit superior shielding capabilities compared to traditional materials. For instance, the G MAC values for the glasses ranged from 101.472 cm2/g to 177.475 cm2/g at a photon energy of 0.015 MeV. Additionally, the G HVL values decreased significantly with increasing Bi content, from 4.082 cm to 3.104 cm at an energy level of 15 MeV. The effective atomic number ( Z eff ) also increased from 36.12 to 53.23 with higher Bi concentrations. These insights, derived from precise computational analysis, highlight the potential of Bi-Se-Ge glasses for applications in radiation protection. The discussion also examines the impact of substituting Bi atoms with Se on the shielding capabilities of the original Bi-Se-Ge glass. Future work will focus on experimental validation of these results to further substantiate our findings. © 2024 IOP Publishing Ltd.
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    Enhancing photocatalytic efficiency through iron doping: a comprehensive study on zirconium vanadate synthesis and characterization
    (Springer, 2024) Alyousef, Haifa A.; Hassan, Ahmed M.; Ali, Ahmed S.; Issa, Shams A. M.; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.
    This study investigated the synthesis, structure, optical properties, and photocatalytic performance of novel Fe-doped zirconium vanadate nano-powders (Fe-doped ZrV2O7 NPs). The nano-powders were synthesized using the hydrothermal method to optimize their photocatalytic efficiency with varying Fe concentrations (0 to 9 mol%). Structural analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that the undoped ZrV2O7 exhibited a monoclinic ZrO2 structure while increasing Fe concentrations introduced new peaks corresponding to the zinc-blende structure of Fe2VO4 and the orthorhombic phase of V2O5. Optical characterization using UV–visible spectroscopy showed that the bandgap decreased from 4.02 eV for undoped samples to 3.11 eV for the sample with nine mol% Fe, improving its light absorption capacity. Photocatalytic experiments were conducted using methylene blue (MB) as the model organic pollutant under visible light irradiation (500 W) at room temperature and neutral pH. Degradation efficiency was evaluated by monitoring the reduction in MB absorbance at 665 nm. The ZrV-9 sample exhibited the highest photocatalytic efficiency, with a degradation rate of 72% within 30 min. Additionally, the catalyst demonstrated excellent stability and recyclability, retaining 90% of its efficiency after five cycles. These findings highlight the potential of Fe-doped ZrV2O7 nano-powders as efficient and durable photocatalysts for organic pollutant degradation under visible light. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.
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    Evaluating the optical and gamma-ray protection properties of bismo-tellurite sodium titanium zinc glasses
    (Springer, 2022) Tekin, Hüseyin Ozan; Rammah, Y.S.; Hessien, M.M.; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Issa, Shams A. M.
    Optical properties and gamma-ray attenuation competence of bismo-tellurite sodium titanium zinc glass samples with chemical formula (80 ? x)TeO2–10ZnO–5TiO2–5Na2O–xBi2O3, where x = 5, 8, 10, 12, and 15 mol% have been explored. Values of optical electronegativity (?*) were varied from 0.715 for B5 glass sample to 0.677 for B15 glass sample. Values of linear dielectric susceptibility (?(1)) were varied from 0.400 for B5 glass sample to 0.430 for glass sample. Values of non-linear optical susceptibility (?3) and non-linear refractive index (n2optical) were varied from 4.379 × 10?12 to 5.812 × 10?12 (esu) and from 6.719 × 1011 to 8.656 × 10?11 (esu) for B5 and B15 glasses, respectively. The B15 sample with the highest Bi2O3 content had the maximum mass attenuation coefficient (µm) values across all examined photon energies, while B5 sample with the lowest Bi2O3 content had the minimum (µm). Both half-value layer (T0.5) and mean free path (?) followed the trend as follows: (T0.5, ?)B5 > (T0.5, ?)B8 > (T0.5, ?)B10 > (T0.5, ?)B12 > (T0.5, ?)B15. The exposure and energy absorption buildup factor (EBF and EABF) values decrease from B5 to B15, demonstrating that the shielding enhancement of glass samples has strengthened. The effective atomic number (Zeff) parameter followed the trend as follows: (Zeff)B15 > (Zeff)B12 > (Zeff)B10 > (Zeff)B8 > (Zeff)B5. Our findings confirm that the enhancement of Bi2O3 content in the bismo-tellurite sodium titanium zinc glass samples plays an important role of improvement in both optical and gamma-ray protection properties. © 2022, The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Australian Ceramic Society.
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    Examining Computationally the Physical Properties of Novel Lead-Free Eco-Friendly Chloroperovskites for Energy Applications
    (Springer, 2024) İrfan, Muhammad; Ahmed, Emad M.; Issa, Shams A. M.; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.
    This paper explores the various characteristics of the Li2Zr6MnCl15 chloroperovskites, including their structural, electronic, magnetic, optical, phononic, and thermoelectric properties. The computed phonon dispersions and formation energies provide strong evidence for the stability of this compound. Based on the analysis of magneto-electronic properties, it is observed that Li2Zr6MnCl15 demonstrates a semiconductor (2.2 eV Up/0.55 Dn) behaviour with a magnetic moment of 4.00 µB. Comprehensive analysis of optical properties involved intricate calculations of various parameters related to the behaviour of light, such as dielectric constants, refractive indices, reflectivity, extinction coefficients, electron energy loss, absorption coefficients, and optical conductivity functions up to 14.0 eV. The research was carried out in the temperature range of 50 to 800 K to determine the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, power factor (PF), Hall coefficient, and figure of merit for the investigated material, which showed great promise for use in thermoelectric devices, with PFs of about 7.5 × 104 W/K2ms, respectively. Using the application known as phy-x: PDS, All of the gamma radiation shielding parameters of Li2Zr6MnCl15 were determined, including mass attenuation coefficient (GMAC), linear attenuation coefficient (GLAC), half value (GHVL), mean free path (GMFP), the effective, effective atomic number (Zeff), and effective electron density (Neff). The research indicates that the GMAC and GLAC values for Li2Zr6MnCl15 fall as the photon energy rises, with a noteworthy increase near K-edge absorption owing to the photoelectric effect dominance at low energy. Both Zeff and Neff declined as the photon energy increased, with Zeff reducing from 25.56 to 25.27 and Neff decreasing from 3.22 × 1023 to 3.18 × 1023 electrons/g. Due to their robust absorption patterns and high PF, these compounds show great promise as thermoelectric and optoelectronic materials. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.
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    Exploring the potential of BBNCo glasses: Physical, optical, and radiation shielding analysis
    (Elsevier, 2023) Uosif, M. A. M.; Issa, Shams A. M.; Abouhaswa, A. S.; Mostafa, A. M. A.; Atta, Ali; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.
    The ability of new Co3O4-doped bismuth borate glasses to block radiation was investigated in this study. The glasses had compositions of 55B2O3-35Bi2O3-(10-x)Na2O-xCo3O4 (where x = 0, 0.75, 1.5, 2.25, and 3 wt%). The optical properties of the prepared bismuth borate glass doped with Co3O4 ions have been studied. The UV demonstrates that as the Co3O4 substitution ratio was increased, the samples' absorbance increased noticeably. The optical band gap energies decreased with increasing Co3O4 concentration in the case of direct transition and in-direct transition. In addition to the Urbach energy EU values of the prepared glass samples was decreased as the concentration of Co3O4 ions increased. Using the Phy-X/PSD program, an investigation was conducted on the gamma-radiation shielding capabilities of new BBNCo glasses. The GLAC (linear attenuation coefficient) readings for BBNCo increased from a previous value of 0.7575 cm2/g to a new value of 0.8589 cm2/g when the energy was 356 keV. In addition, computations have been made to determine the removal cross-sections of fast neutrons and the neutron half value layer (NHVL). The addition of Co3O4 seems to increase the efficiency of bismuth borate glass in deflecting gamma and neutron radiation, as shown by the findings.
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    Exploring the potential of BBNCo glasses: Physical, optical, and radiation shielding analysis (vol 142, 113976, 2023)
    (Elsevier, 2023) Uosif, M. A. M.; Issa, Shams A. M.; Abouhaswad, A. S.; Mostafaa, A. M. A.; Attaa, Ali; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.
    [Abstract Not Available]
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    Fabrication, physical, structure characteristics, neutron and radiation shielding capacity of high-density neodymio-cadmium lead-borate glasses: Nd2O3/CdO/PbO/B2O3/Na2O
    (SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2022) Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Tekin, Hüseyin Ozan; Issa, Shams A. M.; Henaish, A. M. A.; Ahmed, Emad M.; Rammah, Y. S.
    High-density glasses of neodymio-cadmium lead borate of chemical composition xNd(2)O(3)/20CdO/20PbO/(57-x)B2O3/3Na(2)O, where (0 (0Nd) <= x <= 5 (5Nd) wt%) have been fabricated by a melt quenching process. Physical, structure properties as well as gamma-radiation and neutron shielding effectiveness in wide photon energy range 0.015-15 MeV have been examined. The amorphous nature of xNd-glasses was confirmed, where there was a lack of their crystallinity. Density was gradually increased from 5.006 g/cm(3) for 0Nd-glass sample to 5.245 g/cm(3) for 5Nd-glass sample. In terms of the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), introducing Nd3+ ions in the glass matrix has a direct constructive influence on the obtained values of MAC. Generally, the MAC trend follows the order (MAC)(5Nd) > (MAC)(4Nd) > (MAC)(3Nd) > (MAC)(2Nd) > (MAC)(1Nd) > (MAC)(0Nd). The linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) has a similar trend as MAC for all xNd-glasses. In terms of the half-value layer (T-1/2), the 5Nd-glasses possessed the minimum T-1/2 values (0.004 cm at 15 keV to 4.301 cm at 15 MeV). Therefore, the T-1/2 of the fabricated xNd-glasses has an inverse behavior of the MAC and LAC. Thus, (T-1/2)(0Nd) > (T-1/2)(1Nd) > (T-1/2)(2Nd) > (T-1/2)(3Nd) > (T-1/2)(4Nd) > (T-1/2)(5Nd). The effective atomic number (Z(eff)) parameter follows the order (Z(eff))(5Nd) > (Z(eff))(4Nd) > (Z(eff))(3Nd) > (Z(eff))(2Nd) > (Z(eff))(1Nd) > (Z(eff))(0Nd). In the energies preferred for radiation applications, 5Nd-glasses possess very low exposure (EBF) and energy absorption (EABF) buildup factor values. The fast neutron removal cross-section (FNRC) of the fabricated glasses is improved as the Nd3+ content increases in the glass matrix.
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    Gamma-ray shielding evaluation of highly-dense PBSCCx-glasses: experimental and simulation study
    (Springer, 2024) Almousa, N.; Issa, Shams A. M.; Saudi, H. A.; Rammah, Y. S.; Mostafa, A. M. A.; Ene, Antoaneta; Saif, M. A.; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.
    In this study, comprehensive experimental measurements have been achieved to assess the gamma shielding properties of the five unique compositions and highly dense PBSCCx-glass (4.13-4.51 g/cm3) at selected gamma-ray energies (81-2614 keV). Several significant radiation shielding factors, such as mass attenuation coefficient, half value layer, and Radiation protection efficiency (RPE), have been determined. The experimental outcome data agrees with those obtained via FLUKA codes. The PBSCCx-glasses possessed mu values as: 0.2813, 0.2881, 0.2939, 0.2999, and 0.3065 cm2/g for PBSCC00, PBSCC2.5, PBSCC5.0, PBSCC7.5, and PBSCC10 at 0.662 MeV, respectively. At all selected energy, PBSCC10 glasses (10 wt%) reported the lowest T1/2 with a reduction of up to 92% at 2.614 MeV compared to PBSCC00 and recorded the. Furthermore, PBSCC10 has the highest RPE. These findings demonstrate that the PBSCC10 glass exhibits excellent attenuation properties when compared to other tested materials. Through systematic variation of CeO2 concentrations and comparison of experimental data with FLUKA simulation results, the study provided a comprehensive analysis of gamma shielding properties, validating findings and enhancing understanding of how different CeO2 levels impact radiation attenuation. That provides novel insights into the optimal composition for enhanced gamma-ray shielding.
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    Impact of incremental zinc-oxide incorporation on optical, magnetic, mechanical and photon transmission properties of K2O, SrF2, PbO containing borate-glasses
    (Elsevier, 2024) Almousa, Nouf; Issa, Shams A. M.; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Abulyazied, D. E.; Abouhaswa, A. S.; Tekin, Hüseyin Ozan
    This study examines the radiation shielding properties of borate glass systems, with a focus on the simultaneous enhancement of optical, mechanical, and magnetic characteristics. The glass composition is represented by formula (55-x)B2O3+25PbO+10SrF2+10K2O 2 O 3 +25PbO +10SrF 2 +10K 2 O + xZnO (where x: 0.0-10.0 mol%). By manipulating the ZnO concentration, we aimed to investigate its role as a radiation attenuator and its effects on the glass's optical, mechanical, and magnetic properties. Using traditional melt-quenching techniques, we produced the glass samples and examined their density, molar volume, linear attenuation coefficients (GLAC), LAC ), mean free paths (GMFP), MFP ), half-value layers (GHVL), HVL ), and optical and magnetic properties. Our findings demonstrate that higher ZnO concentrations lead to a significant increase in density and a corresponding decrease in molar volume, thereby enhancing the glasses' ability to shield against gamma radiation. The radiation attenuation analysis revealed that increasing ZnO content substantially improves G LAC values across the energy range of 356-1333 keV. Additionally, ZnO incorporation decreases the optical bandgap, shifting the UV absorption edge to shorter wavelengths and enhancing UV dielectric capacity. Magnetic properties were assessed using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements, showing a strong correlation between ZnO content and the effective atomic number (Zeff). eff ). It can be concluded that ZnO not only contributes to radiation shielding but also modifies the electronic structure of the glass, impacting its optical absorption properties.
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    Improved radiation shielding efficiency and optical properties of borate glass by incorporating dysprosium(III) oxide
    (Elsevier, 2024) Almousa, Nadia; Issa, Shams A. M.; Abouhaswa, A. S.; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.
    The present investigation used the melt-quench method to produce four distinct glass systems using boron-Dy2O3 glass. The glass system consisting of B2O3, BaO, ZnO, and Li2O was augmented with Dysprosium(III) Oxide. A series of borate glasses with the chemical formula (62-x)B2O3-18BaO-10ZnO-10Li2O-xDy2O3 where x=0, 1, 2, 3 mol%. The experimental investigation of Dy2O3 as additives was conducted, with a specific emphasis on their optical characteristics. Also, the addition of Dy2O3 causes the intensity of absorption to increase. Moreover, because of changes in the glass network and modifier, the absorption edge moved to a higher wavelength as the concentration of Dy3+ ions increased, from 345.46 nm for Dy-0-367.48 nm for Dy-3. This study examined glasses with different compositions to evaluate their effectiveness in shielding gamma-rays. The Phy-X/PDS and FULKA Code were utilised for this investigation. A comparison analysis was performed on the obtained results. The effective atomic number and other parameters, such as linear attenuation coefficient and half value layer, were calculated within the energy range of 0.015-15 MeV. The study revealed that the Dy-0 has the lowest linear attenuation coefficient compared to the other samples analysed. The glasses Dy-0 and Dy-3 showed half-values of 0.044 and 0.039 cm, respectively, when exposed to 0.05 MeV. The increase in effective atomic number was attributed to a higher quantity of electrons that are accessible for photon interaction. This, in turn, resulted in a reduced probability of gamma-ray passage through the shielding material. According to the findings of the gamma radiation shielding experiment, the sample that had the largest amount of Dy2O3 exhibited the most effective shielding qualities, making it an excellent candidate for use in radiation shielding applications.
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    Improving electrical, optical and radiation shielding properties of polyvinyl alcohol yttrium oxide composites
    (Elsevier, 2023) Issa, Shams A. M.; Abulyazied, D. E.; Alrowaily, Albandari W.; Saudi, H. A.; Ali, E. S.; Henaish, A. M. A.; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.
    This research aims to study the impact of yttrium oxide on the radiation protection features of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) for gamma shielding applications. The yttrium oxide (Y2O3) was instilled through the PVA matrix by different contents (x 1/4 0.1 wt%, 0.3 wt%, 0.7 wt%, 0.9 wt%). The morphology of the prepared PVA/Y2O3 composites was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The samples were investigated using absorption edge, transmittance spectra and dielectric properties. The transmittance and the bandgap energy decrease as the Y2O3 content increases while there is an increase in epsilon 0 and epsilon 00 as well as the ac conductivity with the content increment of Y2O3 till 0.7 wt%. The temperature dependence of the dc conductivity was measured for all samples in the range of 260-460 K, and it increases with the temperature increasing. To correlate the electrical characteristics of the PVA/Y2O3 composites with their structure and evaluate electrical properties with the help of equivalent circuit matching with the experimentally electrical response in the impedance spectrum, the radiation protection properties were also investigated to get the radiation shielding performance of these PVA/Y2O3 composite films with varying Y2O3 content. The linear attenuation coefficient (m), half value layer (T0.5), and mass attenuation coefficient (mm) were measured. According to all obtained data, PVA/Y2O3 composite films with various percentages (0.1 wt%, 0.3 wt%, 0.7 wt%, 0.9 wt%) can be used as a radiation shielding material.(c) 2023 Chinese Society of Rare Earths. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Mechanical and, photon transmission properties of rare earth element (REE) doped BaO-B2O3-Li2O-Al2O3-P2O5 glasses for protection applications
    (Elsevier, 2024) ALMisned, Ghada; Şen Baykal, Duygu; Alkarrani, Hessa; Kılıç, G.; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Issa, Shams A. M.; Tekin, Hüseyin Ozan
    This study explores the dual functional capabilities of rare earth (REE) doped BaO-B2O3-Li2O-Al2O3-P2O5 glasses, with an emphasis on the 1.50Dy-Tb-Eu composition, previously recognized for its superior luminescent properties. By employing Monte Carlo simulations and Phy-X/PSD software, we have methodically evaluated the gamma-ray and neutron shielding efficacies of these materials. Our key findings indicate that the 1.50Dy-Tb-Eu sample not only excels in luminescence but also demonstrates superior gamma-ray shielding, characterized by low exposure buildup factors, and other related properties across varying energy spectra. Furthermore, the TbEu3.0 variant, enriched with the highest Europium (Eu) content among the bi-REE doped glasses, exhibited the most effective neutron attenuation. Additionally, our investigation into the mechanical properties of these glasses, through the estimation of their Elastic Moduli using a mixture rule approach, revealed a significant enhancement in stiffness with the incorporation of Dy, Eu, and Tb. The mechanical properties were evaluated using a mixture rule approach to estimate the Elastic Moduli. This highlights the crucial role of these dopants in not only improving the luminescent and radiation shielding capabilities but also in strengthening the mechanical integrity of the glasses. The study substantiates the premise that the integration of specific REE elements significantly enhances the glass materials' shielding properties without compromising their luminescent functionality. The obtained findings would be significant for implications on the development of advanced materials tailored for industries where high optical quality, effective radiation protection, and robust mechanical properties are paramount. It can be concluded that Dy-Tb-Eu incorporation into BaO-B2O3-Li2O-Al2O3-P2O5 glasses can be considered as a monotonic strategy to achieve a harmonious balance between luminescence, radiation shielding, and mechanical performance.