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    Biofuel from leather waste fat to lower diesel engine emissions: Valuable solution for lowering fossil fuel usage and perception on waste management
    (Institution of Chemical Engineers, 2022) Devarajan, Yuvarajan; Jayabal, Ravikumar; Munuswamy, Dinesh Babu; Ganesan, S.; Varuvel, Edwin Geo
    This work examines the viability of examining waste fat extracted from industrial leather waste as an alternative to diesel. These wastes are harmful if disposed to the environment. Conventional transesterification was per- formed to produce leather waste methyl ester (LWME). Post-processing, a yield of 82.6% of methyl ester was obtained. The obtained LWME was inspected for its thermophysical properties and falls with ASTM standards. LWME was blended with petroleum diesel at 10%, 20% and 30% on a volume basis and referred to as LWME10D90, LWME20D80 and LWME30D70 correspondingly. The effect of LWME/ diesel blends was inspected in a four-stroke, single-cylinder, direct-injection engine under diverse loads. Test results revealed that the brake thermal efficiency for LWME/ diesel blends was lower than diesel at all loads with higher specific brake-specific fuel consumption was higher as both are inversely proportional. Carbon monoxide emissions were reduced by 22.7%, Hydrocarbon emissions were reduced by 48%, and Smoke emissions were reduced by 6.43%, with a 9.84% increase in nitrogen oxide emissions for LWME30D70 than diesel. It has been concluded that including LWME in diesel lowers the greenhouse gases with a marginal reduction in performance pattern.