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    Effect of measurement techniques and operators on measured deviations in digital implant scans
    (ELSEVIER, 2022) Çakmak, Gülce; Dönmez, Mustafa Borga; Akay, Canan; De Silva, Marcella Paula; Mangano, F. G.; Abou-Ayash, S.; Yılmaz, Burak
    Objectives: To evaluate the effect of different measurement techniques and operators on measured deviations in in vitro implant scans. Methods: A 2-piece system that comprises a healing abutment (HA) and a scan body (SB) was mounted onto an implant at right first molar site of a polymethylmethacrylate mandibular dentate model. Model was digitized by using an industrial scanner (reference model scan, n=1) and an intraoral scanner (test scan, n=20). All standard tessellation language files were imported into a 3-dimensional analysis software and superimposed. Three operators with similar experience performed circle-based and point-based deviation analyses (n=20). Deviations measured with different techniques were compared with paired samples t-test within each operator, while the reliability of the operators was assessed by using F-tests for both technqiues (?=.05). Results: Point-based technique resulted in lower deviations than circle-based technique for all operators (P=.001) with to higher reliability among operators (ICC=.438, P=.001). The correlation among the operators was nonsignificant when circle-based technique was used (ICC=.114, P=.189). Conclusion: Lower deviations were detected with the point-based technique. In addition, different operators' measurements had higher correlation when point-based technique was used compared with circle-based technique. Clinical significance: Point-based technique may be preferred over circle-based technique for research studies on scan accuracy of implants, given its higher reliability. The accuracy of measured deviations may increase if the number of planes are increased, which can facilitate point generation at different surfaces of the scan body.