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    Comparative analysis on application conditions of indium (III) oxide-reinforced glasses in nuclear waste management and source transportation: A Monte Carlo simulation study
    (Cell Press, 2023) ALMisned, Ghada; Baykal, Duygu Sen; Kilic, G.; Ilik, E.; Rabaa, Elaf; Susoy, G.; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.
    This study's primary objective is to provide the preliminary findings of novel research on the design of Indium (III) oxide-reinforced glass container that were thoroughly developed for the purpose of a nuclear material container for transportation and waste management applications. The shielding characteristics of an Indium (III) oxide-reinforced glass container with a certain elemental composition against the 60Co radioisotope was thoroughly evaluated. The energy deposition in the air surrounding the designed portable glass containers is measured using MCNPX general-purpose Monte Carlo code. Simulation studies were carried out using LenovoP620 workstation and the number of tracks was defined as 108 in each simulation phase. According to results, the indium oxide-doped C6 (TZI8) container exhibits superior protective properties compared to other conventional container materials such as 0.5Bitumen-0.5 Cement, Pb Glass composite, Steel-Magnetite concrete. In addition to its superiority in terms of nuclear safety, it is proposed that the source's simultaneous observation and monitoring, as well as the C6 (TZI8) glass structure's transparency, be underlined as significant advantages. High-density glasses, which may replace undesirable materials such as concrete and lead, provide several advantages in terms of production ease, non-toxic properties, and resource monitoring. In conclusion, the use of Indium (III) oxide-reinforced glass with its high transparency and
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    Functional assessment of various rare-earth (RE) ion types: An investigation on gamma-ray attenuation properties of GeO2-B2O3-P2O5-ZnO-Tb2O3-RE magneto-optical glasses
    (Elsevier Gmbh, 2023) ALMisned, Ghada; Baykal, Duygu Sen; Ilik, E.; Abuzaid, Mohammed; Kilic, Gokhan; Tekin, H. O.
    We report the functional assessment of various rare-earth (RE) ion types on gamma-ray attenu-ation properties of GeO2-B2O3-P2O5-ZnO-Tb2O3-RE (where; RE=0; 1 %Ho, 1 %Pr, 1 %Er, 1 %Nd, 1 %Dy, 1 %Ce) magneto-optical glasses. The elemental fractions and densities of each glass sample were specified separately for the MCNPX Monte Carlo code. In addition to fundamental gamma absorption properties, Transmission Factors throughout a broad radioisotope energy range were measured. According to findings, Holmium (Ho) incorporation into the glass structure resulted in a net increase of 0.3406 g/cm(3), whereas Cerium (Ce) addition resulted in a net in-crease of 0.2047 g/cm(3). The Ho-doped S2 sample was found to have the greatest LAC value, despite the fact that seven glass samples exhibited identical behavior. The Ho-doped S2 sample had the lowest HVL values among the glass groups evaluated in this work, computed in the energy range of 0.015-15 MeV. The lowest EBF and EABF values were reported for Ho reinforced S2 sample with the highes LAC and density values. For all glass samples, a decrease in TF values was observed depending on the increase in thickness. Among the investigated glasses, Ho and Er reinforced samples (i.e., S2 and S4) showed the minimum TF values at used radioisotope energies. It can be concluded that Ho and Er type rare earth elements may provide the most effective gamma ray absorption properties when they are incorporated into the GeO2-B2O3-P2O5-ZnO-Tb2O3 system.
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    A Promising Glass Type in Electronic and Laser Applications: Elastic Moduli, Mechanical, and Photon Transmission Properties of WO3 Reinforced Ternary-Tellurite Glasses
    (Mdpi, 2023) ALMisned, Ghada; Rabaa, Elaf; Rammah, Yasser S. S.; Khattari, Ziad Y. Y.; Baykal, Duygu Sen; Ilik, Erkan; Kilic, Gokhan
    We report the symmetry of mechanical and gamma-ray attenuation properties for some tellurite glasses through elastic moduli, mechanical, and transmission properties as a function of varied WO3 amount in glass configuration. Four glass samples, along with different molar compositions as well as WO3/GdF3 substitution ratios, are investigated. Transmission properties using several essential parameters, such as attenuation coefficients, half-value layers, effective atomic numbers, effective conductivity, and buildup factors, are calculated in the 0.015-15 MeV energy range. Moreover, elastic moduli and Poisson's ratios (sigma) of the studied glass are calculated using the Makishima-Mackenzie model. The M4 sample with the highest WO3 addition is found with superior photon attenuation properties among the glasses investigated. Poisson's ratio (sigma) is increased, while all elastic moduli are decreased. Young's modulus is reported as 62.23 GPa and 36.45.37 GPa at the highest and lowest WO3 mol%, respectively. It can be concluded that WO3 is a functional and monotonic tool in ternary-tellurite glasses for multiple modifications and enhancement purposes on gamma-ray attenuation, elastic moduli, and mechanical properties. It can also be concluded that increasing the WO3 amount in tellurite glasses may be considered a tool in terms of providing symmetry for mechanical and gamma-ray attenuation properties.
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    Sodium metaphosphate-tungsten trioxide glasses: a characterization study on gamma-ray shielding properties and transmission factors (TFs)
    (Springer, 2023) Almisned, Ghada; Rammah, Y. S.; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Baykal, Duygu Sen; Issa, Shams A. M.; Ene, Antoaneta; Tekin, H. O.
    In the present study, gamma-ray attenuation properties as well as transmission factor values of high-density sodium metaphosphate-tungsten trioxide glasses with chemical composition of (40-x)NaPO3-xWO3-60Sb2O3: (x = 0 (S1), 5 (S2), 10 (S3), 15 (S4), 20 (S5), 30 (S6), and 40 (S7) mol%) have been investigated. MCNPX general purpose Monte Carlo code and Phy-X/PSD program were utilized for the calculation of transmission factor values and fundamental gamma-ray shielding parameters. Our findings suggest that the S7 sample (with the highest WO3 content mole%) has possessed the maximum mass attenuation coefficients (mu m) at all gamma-ray energies investigated. In terms of half value layer (HVL) and mean free path (MFP), the coded glass sample S7 has achieved the minimum values. The effective atomic number (Zeff) and equivalent atomic number (Zeq) of the investigated glasses have the same trend of mass attenuation coefficient. The raising of WO3 content in mole% in glasses leads to reducing both exposure and absorption buildup factor values for all mean free path values. The minimum transmission factor (maximum attenuation) quantities were verified at a thickness of 3 cm for all investigated glasses. It can be concluded that the S7 sample exhibits superior radiation shielding characteristics.
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    Tailoring a symmetry for material properties of tellurite glasses through tungsten(vi) oxide addition: Mechanical properties and gamma-ray transmissions properties
    (De Gruyter Poland Sp Z O O, 2023) ALMisned, Ghada; Khattari, Ziad Y. Y.; Rabaa, Elaf; Rammah, Yasser S. S.; Baykal, Duygu Sen; Kilic, Gokhan; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.
    We report a correlation outcome for mechanical and gamma-ray transmission properties of tellurite glasses by increasing tungsten(vi) oxide concentration in glass structure. The mechanical properties as well as Poisson's ratio (s) of the studied glasses are estimated by applying Makishima-Mackenzie model. Gamma-ray attenuation properties using various fundamental parameters are determined in 0.015-15 MeV energy range. Poisson's ratio (s) decreased from 0.43017 to 0.42711, while all elastic moduli increased linearly with the molar increment of either [WO3] or [TeO2] in the molecular structure of the glass network. Moreover, gamma-ray attenuation properties are enhanced as a function of increasing WO3 substitution amount from 30 to 50% mol in the glass structure. Half-value layer values at 15 MeV are found to be between 2.648 and 2.8614 cm. I4 samples with a composition of 20TeO(2)-50WO(3)-30GdF(3) and density of 6.0530 g/cm(3) was found to have superior material properties in terms of elastic and gamma-ray attenuation properties. It can be concluded that maximized WO3 contribution into the tellurite glasses may be considered as a critical tool in terms of establishing a symmetry between mechanical and gamma-ray attenuation properties for high-density tellurite glasses for their potential utilization in nuclear waste management, radiation shielding, and radioactive source transportation purposes.