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Öğe A Comprehensive Study on Peppermint Oil and Cinnamon Oil as Nanoemulsion: Preparation, Stability, Cytotoxicity, Antimicrobial, Antifungal, and Antioxidant Activity(Bentham Science Publ Ltd, 2024) Ozakar, Emrah; Alparslan, Levent; Adiguzel, M. Cemal; Torkay, Gulsah; Baran, Alper; Bal-ozturk, Ayca; Sevinc-ozakar, RukiyeBackground Recent studies have shown that nanoemulsions prepared with essential oils have significant antimicrobial potential against multidrug-resistant pathogens due to increased chemical stability. Nanoemulsion also promotes controlled and sustained release, which increases their bioavailability and efficacy against multidrug-resistant bacteria.Objective This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity properties of cinnamon essential oil and peppermint essential oil as nanoemulsions compared to pure forms. For this purpose, analyses of the selected stable nanoemulsions were carried out.Methods The droplet sizes and zeta potentials of peppermint essential oil nanoemulsions and cinnamon essential oil nanoemulsions were found to be 154.6 +/- 1.42 nm and -17.1 +/- 0.68 mV and 200.3 +/- 4.71 nm and -20.0 +/- 0.81 mV, respectively. Although the amount of essential oil used in nanoemulsions was 25% w/w, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were found to be more effective compared to pure essential oils.Results In cytotoxicity studies on the 3T3 cell line, both essential oil nanoemulsions showed higher cell viability than pure essential oils. At the same time, cinnamon essential oil nanoemulsions exhibited a higher antioxidant property than peppermint essential oil nanoemulsions and showed superiority in the antimicrobial susceptibility test conducted against four bacteria and two fungi. Cell viability tests determined that cinnamon essential oil nanoemulsions showed considerably higher cell viability compared to pure cinnamon essential oil.Conclusion These findings indicated that the prepared nanoemulsions in the current study might positively influence the dosing regimen and clinical outcomes of antibiotic therapy.Öğe De novo drug design to suppress coronavirus RNA-Glycoprotein via PNA-Calcitonin(Turkish Chemical Society, 15 Mayıs 2024) Alparslan, Levent; Akkurt, Barbaros; Agar, SoykanDe novo drug design has been studied utilizing the organic chemical structures of Salmon Calcitonin 9 - 19 and Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) to suppress Coronavirus Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)-Glycoprotein complex. PNA has a polyamide backbone and Thymine pendant groups to selectively bind and inhibit Adenine domains of the RNA-Glycoprotein complex. While doing so, molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies revealed that there is great inhibition docking energy (-12.1 kcal/mol) with significantly good inhibition constant (124.1 µM) values confirming the efficient nucleotide-specific silencing of Coronavirus RNA-Glycoprotein complex.Öğe De novo drug design to suppress coronavirus RNA-glycoprotein via PNA-calcitonin(Turkish chemical society, 2024) Agar, Soykan; Akkurt, Barbaros; Alparslan, LeventDe novo drug design has been studied utilizing the organic chemical structures of Salmon Calcitonin 9-19 and Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) to suppress Coronavirus Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)-Glycoprotein complex. PNA has a polyamide backbone and thymine pendant groups to bind and selectively inhibit adenine domains of the RNA-Glycoprotein complex. While doing so, molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies revealed that there is great inhibition docking energy (-12.1 kcal/mol) with significantly good inhibition constant (124.1 µM) values confirming the efficient nucleotide-specific silencing of Coronavirus RNA-Glycoprotein complex.Öğe Sodium hyaluronate dry powder inhalation in combination with sodium cromoglycate prepared using optimized spray drying conditions(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Turkyilmaz, Guelbeyaz Yildiz; Ozdokur, Kemal Volkan; Alparslan, Levent; Karasulu, ErcumentSodium hyaluronate (SHA) is an anti-inflammatory and protective agent against bronchoconstriction, and sodium cromoglicate (SCG) prevents exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and inflammation. Based on the pharmacological properties of both substances, this study aimed to develop a dry powder inhaler (DPI) of SHA alone and in combination with SCG. The target of the study was to develop flowable formulations without any surfactants by using the spray drying method. To obtain respirable SHA and SCG:SHA particles, variables of the spray dryer, such as inlet temperature, atomized air flow, and feed solution, were changed. The particles 1-8 mu m in size were produced with high yield by spray drying and increasing the ethanol percentage of the feed solution (60%), which is the most remarkable parameter. After that, physicochemical characterizations were performed. The aerosol performance of DPI formulations prepared using lactose was evaluated using Handihaler (R) DPI. The fine particle fraction (FPF) was 36% for the SHA formulation, whereas it was 52 and 53% for SCG and SHA, respectively, in the SCG:SHA formulation. Consequently, both particles were produced reproducibly by spray drying, and inhaled SHA and SCG:SHA dry powder formulations were developed due to their high FPF and flowability with lactose.