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Öğe Analysis of Surgical Masks Adverse Effects on Facial Skin in Long Term Usage During COVID-19 Pandemic(Galenos Publ House, 2024) Alparslan, Abdullah Levent; Yuksel, Kivanc; Sutthanut, KhaetthareeyaObjectives: During the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic, masks have become mandatory for protection against the virus transmitted by breathing. This study examined the impact of surgical masks used daily on civilian facial skin. Materials and Methods: Moisture, elasticity, pore, melanin, acne, wrinkle, and sensitivity parameters of 83 volunteers were measured numerically using an API-100 skin analyzer and camera recordings. Numerical values were compared following the device's algorithm calibrated according to age, gender, and race. Finally, the obtained data were statistically evaluated and compared with the averages. Results: Pore, melanin, acne, and wrinkle parameters were higher without gender discrimination, whereas moisture and elasticity parameters were low. While a significant increase was observed in women for sensitivity, the increase was not statistically significant in men. Conclusion: The negative effects of long -term daily wearing of surgical masks on facial skin were statistically significant. Therefore, taking outdoor breaks during mask use, washing the face intermittently, using moisturizing and purifying cosmetic products, and anti-wrinkle effects have been proposed to reduce the possible defects.Öğe Basic good manufacturing practices (GMP), special conditions and inspection processes in the covid19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic(Marmara University, 2022) Alparslan, Abdullah LeventThe COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted the world economy, businesses and global health. Exceptional situations are evident in the food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical production in the supply chain, where many businesses have been shut down completely following government restrictions. In the pandemic process, it has become much more important to ensure hygienic products and employee safety and to deliver quality and healthy products to the consumer. In extraordinary conditions, it is necessary to provide additional contributions to the principles of good manufacturing practices. With the additional measures to be taken during the epidemic period, a healthy and safe operation can be brought to production. In addition, the assurance system can continue to function despite restrictions and failing audits. In addition to the updated guides, the development of roadmaps specific to the epidemic period for production may provide the advantage of being ready for problems. © 2022 Marmara University Press.Öğe O/W microemulsion and hydrogel formulation of methotrexate and comparison of releasing studies.(Marmara Univ, 2023) Alparslan, Abdullah Levent; Karasulu, Ercument; Turkyilmaz, Gulbeyaz Yildiz; Uvey, DoganMicroemulsions are ideal carriers for poorly soluble substances. They increase the absorption of drugs with low bioavailability. Methotrexate (MTX), which is used internally in cancer and psoriasis and has many side effects and it is less soluble in water and its passage through the skin is problematic due to its high molecular weight. An O/W microemulsion formulation containing MTX has been developed in order to reduce the side effects of the drug, not to have a first pass effect on the liver, to increase its bioavailability in topical use and to provide ease of use to patients. The releasing profiles of the gel formulation, prepared by reducing the fluidity of these formulations by polymers, were investigated through the nylon membrane. Mostly W/O microemulsion systems are available due to design of preparations but in this study O/W microemulsions and gel forms containing MTX were designed for topical use. Innovation side of trials will inspire in vivo studies and clinical studies that may cause less harm to patients dermatologically and provide optimal effect.Öğe Thermoreversible Gel Formulation for the Intranasal Delivery of Salmon Calcitonin and Comparison Studies of In Vivo Bioavailability(Galenos Publ House, 2023) Alparslan, Abdullah Levent; Turkyilmaz, Guelbeyaz Yildiz; Kozaci, Leyla Didem; Karasulu, ErcuementObjectives: We developed original thermoreversible (sol-gel) formulations of salmon calcitonin (sCT) for nasal applications. The sol-gel has been compared with commercial intranasal sprays in vitro and in vivo studies. The aim of studying sol-gel form is to arrange the viscosity of formulations for a reversible adequate fluidity at different temperatures. This situation may facilitate the use of drugs as sprays and increase the bioadhesive ability to mucosa. Materials and Methods: Characterization of optimum formulations was studied. Validated analytical assays determined the number of sCT. An approximately equal number of commercial and sol-gel dosages were sprayed into the nostrils of the rabbits. Blood samples were collected from the ear veins of rabbits and determined by enzyme immunoassay plates. These plates were evaluated by Thermo Labsystem Multiscan Spectrum at 450 nm. Thanks to Winnonlin 5.2, pharmacokinetic data were evaluated by a non-compartmental method. Results: The absolute bioavailability of the formulation at pH 4 and the commercial product (CP) was compared by evaluating the primary pharmacokinetic data area under the curve 0 & RARR;tlast. The absolute bioavailability of the commercial intranasal spray was measured 1.88 based on maximum concentration (Cmax) assessment. Cmax of the sol-gel formulation pH 4 was calculated as 0.99 and the relative bioavailability was obtained 53.3%. Conclusion: In vivo pharmacokinetic data of sol-gel formulation with pH 3 showed significantly higher volume of distribution parameter than the CP (111167>35408). It is thought that the formulation adhered to the nasal mucosa releases sCT slowly and less.
