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    Bismuth(III) oxide and boron(III) oxide substitution in bismuth-boro-zinc glasses: a focusing in nuclear radiation shielding properties
    (ELSEVIER GMBH, 2023) Almisned, Ghada; Bilal, Ghaida; Şen Baykal, Duygu; Ali, Fatema T.; Kılıç, G.; Tekin, Hüseyin Ozan
    Doping the glass structure with Bi2O3 `is known to increase structural stability, and to drastically alter physical parameters including density and molar volume. The goal of this work was to assess the nuclear radiation attenuation competences of several types of glasses based on the xBi2O3-(70x)B2O3-8BaO-16ZnO-5.5SiO2- 0.5Sb2O3 system. In order to determine the requisite gamma shielding parameters, as well as effective conductivity at 300 K and buildup factors, five different glasses with varied Bi2O3 concentration (i.e., from 10 mol.% to 30 mol.%) were examined thoroughly. These critical parameters were determined using the Phy-X/PSD program. In addition, factors such as half value layer (HVL), tenth value layer (TVL), and mean free path (mfp) were examined over a wide energy range of 0.015-15 MeV. The findings revealed that the amount of Bi2O3 reinforced in each sample is critical in determining the samples' shielding abilities. The linear attenuation coefficients (mu) and mass attenuation coefficient (mu m) values were reported in the highest level for the sample with the highest Bi2O3 content. For glass sample A5, the lowest mean free path, half value layer, and tenth value layer values were also reported. The effective conductivity and effective atomic number had an inverse relationship with photon energy, meaning that as energy increased, the effective conductivity and effective atomic number declined fast, especially in low-energy regions. The greatest values for both parameters were found in glass sample A5. Furthermore, the exposure buildup factor and energy absorption buildup factor values for glass sample A5 were the lowest. A5 glass sample with the chemical composition 30Bi2O3-(70 30) B2O3-8BaO-16ZnO-5.5SiO2- 0.5Sb2O3 and a density of 5.8391 g/ cm3 was found to have exceptional gamma-ray attenuation qualities, according to our findings. It can be concluded that the prospective attributes of Bi2O3-doped glass systems and associated glass compositions would be beneficial for scientific community in terms of providing a clearer view for some advanced applications of these glass types.
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    A closer look at the efficiency calibration of LaBr3(Ce) and NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors using MCNPX for various types of nuclear investigations
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Almisned, Ghada; Zakaly, Hesham M.H.; Ali, Fatema T.; Issa, Shams A.M.; Ene, Antoaneta; Kılıç, Gökhan; Ivanov, V.; Tekin, Hüseyin Ozan
    The nuclear spectroscopy method has long been used for advanced studies on nuclear physics. In order to decrease costs and increase the efficiency of nuclear radiation investigations, quick and efficient solutions are required. The purpose of this research was to calculate the whole energy peak efficiency values for a range of gamma-ray energies, from 30.973 keV to 1408 keV, at various source-detector distances using the MCNPX Monte Carlo code, which is extensively used in nuclear medicine, industry, and scientific research. As a result, the modeled detectors' full-energy peak efficiencies were calculated and compared to both experimental data and Monte Carlo simulations. Experiment results and prior studies using Monte Carlo simulations were found to be very consistent with these results. The counting efficiency against source-detector distance is then calculated using the modeled detectors. The data we have show that LaBr3(Ce) has outstanding detection properties. This study's findings might be used to improve the design of detectors for use in wide range of high-tech gamma spectroscopy and nuclear research applications.
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    Gadolinium-tungsten-boron trioxide glasses: A multi-phase research on cross-sections, attenuation coefficients, build-up factors and individual transmission factors using MCNPX
    (Elsevier, 2022) ALMisned, Ghada; Sen Baykal, Duygu; Ali, Fatema T.; Bilal, Ghaida; Kılıç, Gökhan; Tekin, Hüseyin Ozan
    The oxide of the rare earth element gadolinium has the chemical formula Gd2O3. Also known as gadolinium sesquioxide, gadolinium trioxide, and Gadolinia, gadolinium oxide. In this study, various types of fundamental cross-sections, attenuation coefficients, build-up factors and individual transmission factors of high density gadolinium-tungsten-boron trioxide glasses with a chemical composition of (70-x)WO3-xGd2O3 –30B2O3 (where x: 17.5, 20.0, 22.5, 25.0 and 27.5 mol%) are determined using advanced Monte Carlo methods. In addition, gamma transmission factors (TFs) for a range of medical and industrial radioisotopes were calculated using MCNPX (version 2.7.0) Monte Carlo code. The investigated glasses were classified Gd17.5, Gd20.0, Gd22.5, Gd25.0, and Gd27.5 in accordance with xGd2O3. Our findings suggest that the Gd27.5 sample (with highest of Gd2O3 content mol. %) has possessed the maximum linear (µ) and mass (µ/?) attenuation coefficients at all gamma-ray energies investigated. The coded glass sample Gd27.5 is achieved the maximum effective atomic number (Zeff) and effective electron density (Neff) owing its superior attenuation properties. In terms of build-up factors, increasing the concentration of xGd2O3 in glasses is decreased the EBF and EABF values for all mean free path values (0.5–40 mfp). At a thickness of 3 cm, the lowest transmission factor (i.e., highest attenuation) was verified for all Gd17.5-Gd27.5 glasses investigated. Consequently, the Gd27.5 sample exhibits superior radiation shielding properties for a large range of photon energy and various medical and industrial radioisotope energies. © 2022 Elsevier GmbH
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    Mechanical properties, elastic moduli, transmission factors, and gamma-ray-shielding performances of Bi2O3-P2O5-B2O3-V2O5 quaternary glass system
    (DE GRUYTER POLAND, 2022) Tekin, Hüseyin Ozan; ALMisned, Ghada; Rammah, Yasser Saad; Susoy, Gulfem; Ali, Fatema T.; Şen Baykal, Duygu; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Issa, Shams A. M.; Ene, Antoaneta
    Mechanical properties, elastic moduli, transmission factors (TFs), and gamma-ray shielding performance of quaternary glass systems with chemical composition (0.25-x)Bi2O3-xB(2)O(3)-0.75(50%P2O5-50%V2O5), where x = 0.05 (S1), 0.10 (S2), 0.15 (S3), and 0.20 (S4) mol%, were comprehensively studied. The MCNPX code, Phy-X/PSD software, and the Makishima-Mackenzie model were utilized to achieve the mentioned purposes. The values of the packing density (V (t)) decreased from 0.634432 to 0.600611, while those of the dissociation energy (G (t)) increased from 51.6125 kJ/cm(3) for the S1 glass sample (with Bi2O3 = 5 mol%) to 56.7525 kJ/cm(3) for the S4 glass sample (with Bi2O3 = 20 mol%). This means that the mechanical properties were enhanced by increasing the Bi2O3 content in glasses. Linear (mu) and mass attenuation (mu (m)) coefficients for the S4 glass sample were the greatest compared to those for glass materials investigated, i.e., (mu, mu (m))(S1) < (mu, mu (m))(S2) < (mu, mu (m))(S3) < (mu, mu (m))(S4). Half- and tenth-value layers (HVL and TVL, respectively) follow the trend: (HVL, TVL)(S1) > (HVL, TVL)(S2) > (HVL, TVL)(S3) > (HVL, TVL)(S4). The effective atomic number (Z (eff)) of investigated glasses has the same trend as of linear and mass attenuation coefficients. Our findings indicate that increasing the amount of Bi2O3 reinforcement decreased the exposure buildup factor and energy absorption buildup factor values for all mean free path values (0.5-40 mfp). All glasses recorded the minimum TF values at a thickness of 3 cm. The findings would benefit the scientific community in determining the most appropriate additive bismuth(iii) oxide/diboron trioxide type and related glass composition to provide the shielding properties previously mentioned in terms of needs and utilization requirements, as well as the most suitable glass composition.
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    Mechanical properties, elastic moduli, transmission factors, and gamma-ray-shielding performances of Bi2O3-P2O5-B2O3-V2O5 quaternary glass system (vol 20, pg 314, 2022)
    (DE GRUYTER POLAND SP Z O O, 2022) Tekin, Hüseyin Ozan; Almisned, Ghada; Rammah, Yasser Saad; Susoy, Gülfem; Ali, Fatema T.; Şen Baykal, Duygu; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Issa, Shams A. M.; Ene, Antoaneta
    No Abstract Available.
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    Multiple assessments on the gamma-ray protection properties of niobium-doped borotellurite glasses: A wide range investigation using Monte Carlo simulations
    (HINDAWI, 2022) Tekin, Hüseyin Ozan; Ali, Fatema T.; Almisned, Ghada; Susoy, Gülfem; Issa, Shams A. M.; Ene, Antoaneta; Elshami, Wiam; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.
    In this study, the monotonic effect of Ta2O5 and ZrO2 in some selected borotellurite glasses was investigated in terms of their impact on gamma-ray-shielding competencies. Accordingly, three niobium-reinforced borotellurite glasses (S1 : 75TeO(2) + 15B(2)O(3) + 10Nb(2)O(5), S2 : 75TeO(2) + 15B(2)O(3) + 9Nb(2)O(5) + 1Ta(2)O(5), and S3 : 75TeO(2) + 15B(2)O(3) + 8Nb(2)O(5) + 1Ta(2)O(5) + 1ZrO(2)) were modelled in the general-purpose MCNPX Monte Carlo code. They have been defined as an attenuator sample between the point isotropic gamma-ray source and the detector in terms of determining their attenuation coefficients. To verify the MC results, attenuation coefficients were then compared with the Phy-X/PSD program data. Our findings clearly demonstrate that although some behavioral changes occurred in the shielding qualities, modest improvements occurred in the attenuation properties depending on the modifier variation and its magnitude. However, the replacement of 2% moles of Nb2O5 with 1% mole of Ta2O5 and 1% mole of ZrO2 provided significant improvements in both glass density and attenuation properties against gamma rays. Finally, the HVL values of the S3 sample were compared with some glass- and concrete-shielding materials and the S3 sample was reported for its outstanding properties. As a consequence of this investigation, it can be concluded that the indicated type of additive to be added to borotellurite glasses will provide some advantages, particularly when used in radiation fields, by increasing the shielding qualities moderately.
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    Physical features of high-density barium–tungstate–phosphate (BTP) glasses: elastic moduli, and gamma transmission factors
    (MDPI, 2022) Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Tekin, Hüseyin Ozan; Rammah, Yasser S.; Issa, Shams A. M.; Alomari, Ali Hamed; Ali, Fatema T.; Baykal, Duygu Şen; Elshami, Wiam; Abulyazied D.E.; ALMisned, Ghada; Mostafa A.M.A.; Ene, Antoaneta
    Funding details Abstract We present elastic moduli, gamma radiation attenuation characteristics, and transmission factor of barium–tungstate–phosphate (BTP) glasses with the chemical formula (60-y)BaO-yWO3-40P2O5, where y = 10 (S1)–40 (S4) in steps of 10 mole%. Different types of mathematical and simulation approaches, such as the Makishima-Mackenzie model, the Monte Carlo method, and the online Phy-X/PSD software, are utilized in terms of determining these parameters. The total packing density (Vt) is enriched from 0.607 to 0.627, while the total energy dissociation (Gt) is enriched by increasing the WO3 content (from 52.2 (kJ/cm3). In the investigated glasses, increasing tungstate trioxide (WO3) contribution enhanced Young’s, shear, bulk, and longitudinal moduli. Moreover, Poisson’s ratio is improved by increasing the WO3 content in the BTP glasses. The 20BaO-40WO3-40P2O5 sample possessed the highest values of both linear (µ) and mass attenuation (µm) coefficients, i.e., (µ, µm)S4 > (µ, µm)S3 > (µ, µm)S2 > (µ, µm)S1. Moreover, the 20BaO-40WO3-40P2O5 sample had the lowest values of half (HVL) and tenth (TVL) layers, i.e., (half, tenth)S4 < (half, tenth)S3 < (half, tenth)S2 < (half, tenth)S1. The effective atomic number (Zeff) of the studied glasses has the same behavior as µ and µm. Finally, the 20BaO-40WO3-40P2O5 is reported with the minimum values of transmission factor (TF) for all the BTP investigated at a thickness of 3 cm. In conclusion, the sample with composition 20BaO-40WO3-40P2O5 which has the maximum WO3 reinforcement may be a beneficial glass sample, along with its advanced mechanical and gamma ray shielding properties. © 2022 by the authors.
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    The significant role of WO3 on high-dense BaO–P2O3 glasses: transmission factors and a comparative investigation using commercial and other types of shields
    (The significant role of WO3 on high-dense BaO–P2O3 glasses: transmission factors and a comparative investigation using commercial and other types of shields, 2022) Tekin, Hüseyin Ozan; Almisned, Ghada; Rammah, Y.S.; Susoy, Gülfem; Ali, Fatema T.; Baykal, Duygu Şen; Elshami, W.; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Issa, Shams A. M.
    The direct effects of tungsten trioxide (WO3) on gamma radiation attenuation properties of tungsten/barium/phosphate glasses with chemical form xWO3–(50-x/2)BaO–(50-x/2)P2O3, x = 0 (S1)–60 (S7) in steps of 10 mol% has been investigated. To this end, Phy-X/PSD software and Monte Carlo code were applied. The increased amount of WO3 in the glass composition, on the other hand, contributed positively to the increase in density and radiation sensing properties. At the lowest and highest WO3 contributions, a nearly twofold increase in HVL value was seen for the S1 and S7 glass samples, respectively, with S7 having the lowest HVL values. The HVL has obeyed the trend as: (HVL)S1 > (HVL)S2 > (HVL)S3 > (HVL)S4 > (HVL)S5 > (HVL)S6 > (HVL)S7. The variation of the tenth value layer (TVL) for all studied glasses has the same trend of HVL. In terms of mean free path (MFP), there was negative effect of WO3 concentration on the trend of MFP. Consequently, S7 glass sample has the lowest values of MFP, while the S1 glass sample has the highest values. Therefore, (MFP)S1 > (MFP)S2 > (MFP)S3 > (MFP)S4 > (MFP)S5 > (MFP)S6 > (MFP)S7. A comparison of the HVL of S7 glass sample with some commercial radiation shielding materials such as different types of concrete and RS-253-G18 glasses has been performed and concluded that the S7 glass sample is superior as radiation shielding material than several commercial materials. It can be concluded that WO3 reinforcement serves a multipurpose of increasing the density and hence the gamma-ray-shielding characteristics of comparable glass compositions. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE part of Springer Nature.
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    Transmission factor (TF) behavior of Bi2O3–TeO2–Na2O–TiO2–ZnO glass system: A Monte Carlo simulation study
    (MDPI, 2022) Tekin, Hüseyin Ozan; Almisned, Ghada; Susoy, Gülfem; Ali, Fatema T.; Baykal, Duygu Şen; Ene, Antoaneta; Issa, Shams A.M.; Rammah, Yasser S.; Zakaly, Hesham M.H.
    The main objective of the present work was to assess the gamma radiation shielding competencies and gamma radiation transmission factors (TFs) for some tellurite glasses in the form of Bi2O3–TeO2–Na2O–TiO2–ZnO. MCNPX general-purpose Monte Carlo code (version 2.6.0) was utilized for the determination of TF values at various well-known radioisotope energies for different glass thicknesses from 0.5 cm to 3 cm. Moreover, some important gamma ray shielding properties were also determined in the 0.015–15 MeV energy range. The results show that glass densities were improved from 5.401 g/cm3 to 6.138 g·cm3 as a function of Bi2O3 increment in the glass composition. A S5 glass sample with the maximum Bi2O3 additive was reported with superior gamma ray shielding properties among the studied glasses. It can be concluded that Bi2O3 can be used as a functional tool in terms of improving glass density and, accordingly, gamma ray shielding attenuation properties of tellurite glasses, where the role Bi2O3 is also critical for other material properties, such as structural, optical, and mechanical. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.