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    Synthesis, characterization, and DFT study of novel metallo phtalocyanines with four carboranyl clusters as photosensitisers for the photodynamic therapy of breast cancer cells
    (Elsevier, 2019) Sener, Sevil; Bayrac, A. Tahir; Sener, B. Bilgenur; Tozlu, Cem; Acar, Nursel; Salih, Bekir; Yuksel, Mithat; Bekaroğlu, Özer
    The synthesis and characterization of novel Zn(II) and Co(II) phthalocyanines 4 and 5, respectively containing four o-carboranyl units (40 boron atoms, 32.5% boron by weight) at the peripheral positions are described. The phthalocyanines (Pcs) were synthesized by cyclotetramerization of the previously prepared precursor 4-(2-thiol-o-carboranyl)thiolato-phthalonitrile 3 with the presence of metal salt in boiling dry DMF under a dry nitrogen atmosphere. They were characterized by elemental analysis, UV-Vis, FT-IR, MALDI-TOF mass and H-1 NMR spectrometry. To elucidate the structural, spectroscopic and bonding properties of the obtained compounds, calculations with DFT/TD-DFT(Density Functional Theory/Time Dependent-Density Functional Theory) were performed. The cytotoxic effects of 4 and 5 on cancer cells and epithelial cells were determined. The targeted cytotoxicities of both compounds against cancer cells were analyzed with the cell viability test. Although, 4 caused less PDT (Photodynamic therapy) based decrease in cell viability of cancer cell line in comparison to 5, it showed comparatively high cytotoxicity against cancer cells but not epithelial cells. The IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration) values indicate that 4 with PDT shows 17.3 fold more cytotoxicity to breast cancer cells than epithelial cells. The selectivity in cytotoxicity of 4 makes it a good candidate for cancer treatment. Interestingly, 5 was found to be highly cytotoxic for both cancer and epithelial cell lines. Considerably, 5 might be used as a cancer drug when combined with targeting agents such as antibodies and aptamers.
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    Synthesis, characterization, DFT study, conductivity and effects of humidity on CO2 sensing properties of the novel tetrakis- [2-(dibenzylamino)ethoxyl] substituted metallophthalocyanines
    (Elsevier Science Sa, 2020) Senoglu, Sema; Ozer, Metin; Dumludag, Fatih; Acar, Nursel; Salih, Bekir; Bekaroğlu, Özer
    Novel tetrakis[2-(dibenzylamino)ethoxyll substituted nickel (II), cobalt (II) and manganese (II) phthalocyanines were synthesized by using 4-(2-(dibenzylamino)ethoxy)phthalonitrile with corresponding metal salts in 2-N, N-dimethylaminoethanol. New phthalonitrile ligand was prepared from 2-(dibenzylamino)ethan-l-ol and 4-nitrophthalonitrile in acetonitrile at reflux temperature using potassium carbonate as catalyst. The compounds was characterized by elemental analysis, infrared, ultraviolet-visible and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopic methods. Density functional theory calculations were performed for structural and electronic properties. Direct current and alternating current conductivity properties of the metallophthalocyanine films were investigated between 293 - 523 K and frequencies 40 -100 kHz. The direct current conductivity values were calculated as 5.29 x 10(-10 )S/cm, 2.39 x 10(-9)S/cm, and 3.04 x 10(-10) S/cm, for nickel, cobalt and manganese complexes (293 K) films, respectively. Activation energies of the films were 0.50-0.70 eV for T < 478 K. Alternating current conductivity results suggest that hopping model explains dominant charge transport mechanisms. Carbon dioxide sensing properties (1000-8000 ppm) of the metallophthalocyanine films were investigated at room temperature (293 K) in air as background. Additionally, effects of the relative humidity on carbon dioxide sensing properties were also investigated for relative humidity between 0-80 % RH in air. Response and response time values of the films were reported. Newly synthesized phthalocyanine complexes in this study were found to be reversible and sensitive to the carbon dioxide gas in humid air. Carbon dioxide sensing measurements revealed that sensitivity of the sensors increased with increasing carbon dioxide concentration and relative humidity. It is found that manganese phthalocyanine showed greater sensitivity than nickel- and cobalt phthalocyanine complexes.

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